Rev Cuid. 2026; 17(2): 4864

https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4864

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sit-to-stand test as a complementary assessment in patients with cardiovascular disease

Sit-to-stand test como evaluación complementaria de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular

O teste Sit to Stand como avaliação complementar de pacientes com doença cardiovascular

Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte. Clínica de Occidente S. A. Cali, Colombia. E-mail: rhcardiopulmonar09@gmail.com Corresponding Author Juan Carlos Avila-Valencia
Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte. Cali, Colombia. E-mail: johnnatanbp@hotmail.com Jhonatan Betancourt-Peña
Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte. Cali, Colombia. E-mail: orozconicolandrea@gmail.com Nicol Andrea Saavedra-Orozco
Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia. E-mail: vicente.benavides@correounivalle.edu.co Vicente Benavides-Cordoba

Highlights

 

How to cite this article: Ávila-Valencia Juan Carlos, Betancourt-Peña Jhonatan, Saavedra-Orozco Nicol Andrea, Benavides-Cordoba Vicente. Sit-to-Stand test as a complementary assessment in patients with cardiovascular disease. Revista Cuidarte. 2026;17(2):e4864. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4864

Received: January 13th, 2025
Accepted: October 4th, 2025
Published: May 8th, 2026

CreativeCommons 

E-ISSN: 2346-3414

Abstract

Introduction: The 1-Minute Sit to Stand Test (STS1) has gained relevance as a simple, safe, and functional test in patients with cardiovascular disease, especially in settings where the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is not feasible. Its usefulness in assessing lower- extremity muscle strength makes it a complementary tool of increasing interest that can strengthen functional assessment batteries in this population. Objective: To assess the correlation between the 6MWT and the STS1 as complementary tools in the functional assessment of patients with cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study conducted in 45 patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program at a quaternary care clinic in Cali, Colombia. The 6MWT and STS1 were administered, assessing physiological variables and physical performance variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for bivariate analysis. Results: The mean age was 62.97 ± 12.58 years; 64.4% were women. Coronary artery disease was the most common diagnosis (73.3%). A moderate positive correlation was found between the distance walked in the 6MWT and the number of repetitions in the STS1 (r=0.610; p < 0.001). The 6MWT elicited a greater increase in heart rate (final: 112.7 ± 18.1), whereas the STS1 had a greater impact on systolic blood pressure (final SBP: 146.8 ± 27.9; p < 0.001). Discussion: The results are consistent with studies in other populations and support the use of STS1 as a valid functional assessment option. Conclusion: The STS1 complements the 6MWT in the functional assessment of patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Walk Test; Exercise Test; Cardiovascular Diseases.

Resumen

Introducción: El Sit to Stand de 1 Minuto (STS1) ha ganado relevancia como prueba funcional sencilla, segura y aplicable en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares, especialmente en escenarios donde el Test de Caminata de 6 Minutos (TC6M) no es viable. Su utilidad para valorar la fuerza de miembros inferiores lo convierte en una herramienta complementaria de interés creciente, que puede fortalecer las baterías de evaluación funcional en esta población. Objetivo: Correlacionar los resultados del TC6M con el STS1 como herramientas complementarias en la evaluación funcional de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal realizado en 45 pacientes que ingresaron a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca en una clínica de cuarto nivel en Cali, Colombia. Se aplicaron el TC6M y el STS1, evaluando variables fisiológicas y de rendimiento físico. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para el análisis bivariado. Resultados: Edad promedio de 62,97 ± 12,58 años; el 64,4% fueron mujeres. La enfermedad coronaria fue el diagnóstico más común (73,3%). Se encontró una correlación positiva moderada entre la distancia recorrida en el TC6M y el número de repeticiones en el STS1 (r=0,610; p < 0,001). El TC6M generó un mayor incremento en la frecuencia cardiaca (final: 112,7 ± 18,1), mientras que el STS1 impactó más sobre la presión arterial sistólica (PAS final: 146,8 ± 27,9; p < 0,001). Discusión: Los resultados coinciden con estudios en otras poblaciones y respaldan el uso del STS1 como opción funcional válida. Conclusión: El STS1 complementa al TC6M en la evaluación funcional de pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Palabras Clave: Prueba de Caminata de 6 Minutos; Prueba de Ejercicio; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares.

Resumo

Introdução: O teste Sit to Stand de 1 Minuto (STS1) ganhou relevância como um teste funcional simples, seguro e aplicável em pacientes com doença cardiovascular, especialmente em cenários onde o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) não é viável. Sua utilidade na avaliação da força dos membros inferiores o torna uma ferramenta complementar de crescente interesse, o que pode fortalecer as baterias de avaliação funcional nessa população. Objetivo: Correlacionar os resultados do TC6 com o STS1 como ferramentas complementares na avaliação funcional de pacientes com doença cardiovascular. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal foi conduzido em 45 pacientes internados em um programa de reabilitação cardíaca em uma clínica de atendimento terciário em Cali, Colômbia. O TC6 e o STS1 foram administrados, avaliando variáveis fisiológicas e de desempenho físico. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para análise bivariada. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 62,97 ± 12,58 anos; 64,4% eram mulheres. Doença arterial coronariana foi o diagnóstico mais comum (73,3%). Foi encontrada correlação positiva moderada entre a distância percorrida no TC6 e o número de repetições no STS1 (r = 0,610; p < 0,001). O TC6 gerou maior aumento na frequência cardíaca (final: 112,7 ± 18,1), enquanto o STS1 teve maior impacto na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS final: 146,8 ± 27,9; p < 0,001). Discussão: Os resultados são consistentes com estudos em outras populações e apoiam o uso do STS1 como uma opção funcional válida. Conclusão: O STS1 complementa o TC6 na avaliação funcional de pacientes com doença cardiovascular.

Palavras-Chave: Teste de Caminhada; Teste de Esforço; Doenças Cardiovasculares.

 

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) encompass a wide range of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral arterial disease, among others. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2019, 17.9 million people died from these conditions, accounting for 32% of all deaths worldwide1. In the same year, CVD caused 40.8 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 36.4 million years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)2. Furthermore, the most recent Global Burden of Disease study reported that ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death in 2021, with a rate of 108.7 per 100,000 population3.

Among the consequences of CVD is impaired physical fitness4, which is associated with increased sedentary behavior and physical deconditioning, exacerbating symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue, as well as the overall clinical features of the disease. Therefore, within cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs, exercise has been proposed as a cornerstone for restoring functional capacity in patients with CVD; however, a comprehensive assessment is essential, encompassing key components of physical fitness, including muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance.

At the baseline assessment upon entry into CR programs, both physiological and physical variables are evaluated. The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a safe, low-cost, reliable, and well-tolerated test in patients with CVD5,6, widely used in clinical settings to estimate functional aerobic capacity. It simultaneously integrates circulatory, ventilatory, and neuromuscular responses, allowing estimation of cardiorespiratory capacity through maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), derived from the distance walked. However, the test requires a 30-meter corridor, which makes its implementation challenging in various inpatient and outpatient settings. Therefore, there is a need to identify and validate complementary functional tests that can be applied when the minimum physical requirements for performing the 6MWT are not available, without compromising the quality of functional assessment.

Therefore, various tests have been proposed as part of the complementary assessment of patients with CVD, using simple equipment and limited space, addressing time and space constraints. Among these is the 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test (STS1), which assesses lower-extremity muscle strength, a component associated with patients’functional capacity, as its performance relies on simple, everyday movements such as sitting down and standing up from a chair7. The STS1 has been used across different health conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)8, interstitial lung disease (ILD)9, asthma10, heart failure11, kidney disease12, and cancer13, among others, demonstrating its utility as an assessment, prognostic, and disease progression indicator.

Considering the above, this study aims to assess the correlation between the 6MWT and the STS1 as a complementary assessment in patients with cardiovascular disease.

 

Materials and Methods

A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 45 patients aged ≥18 years with a medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, including conditions such as coronary artery disease (stable angina, post-revascularization), ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and cardiogenic shock. The study included all participants initiating a cardiac rehabilitation program between February and May 2024 at a quaternary care clinic in Cali, Colombia. The sample size was non-probabilistic and based on convenience, determined by the total number of patients enrolled in the cardiac rehabilitation program during the established data collection period. This approach was adopted because the study was exploratory and conducted in a clinical setting, where access to the population is conditioned by availability and the natural flow of patient admissions within a specific timeframe. Clinical diagnoses were established by the treating cardiologist based on the medical record and current clinical, paraclinical, and imaging criteria, and were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). The disease duration was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis to enrollment in the program and was recorded in months; however, it was excluded from the analysis due to its heterogeneity.

Patients with physical limitations preventing them from performing the tests were excluded, as were those with hemodynamically unstable cardiovascular disease and those with a psychiatric diagnosis.

Variables

Sociodemographic variables included age and sex, along with clinical variables specific to the type of diagnosis. In addition, circulatory and ventilatory physiological variables were assessed, including heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Perceived exertion was also evaluated using the modified Borg scale for fatigue. Additionally, distance walked (meters) and the number of repetitions were analyzed for the 6MWT and the STS1, respectively.

Procedures

After providing written informed consent, patients were evaluated in a single session by a physiotherapist specialized in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, who administered a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. Upon completion, aerobic capacity was assessed using the 6MWT, in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guidelines14. For the STS1, a standard chair 43-46 cm in height with back support was used. Participants were instructed to keep their arms crossed over their chest and to perform as many sit-to-stand repetitions as possible within 1 minute15. A 30-minute rest period was allowed between the 6MWT and the STS1 to enable recovery to baseline values.

Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.16. After importing the dataset, an exploratory phase was conducted to identify missing data and outliers. When detected, data were verified and re-entered. Subsequently, descriptive analysis was performed. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables were assessed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Given the normal distribution of the data, results are reported as means ± standard deviations (SD).

For the bivariate analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between cardiovascular and ventilatory physiological variables, as well as perceived exertion, measured at baseline and post-test during the 6MWT and the STS1. For the comparison of mean physiological variables between baseline and post-test, a paired Student’s t-test was used. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. All collected data are publicly available for consultation in Mendeley Data16.

Ethical considerations

This study was conducted in accordance with Resolution 8430 of 1993, which regulates scientific research in Colombia, and was classified as minimal risk. The Declaration of Helsinki was also followed to ensure the protection of participants’ data and to obtain written informed consent, in which the study objectives were explained. Additionally, this study received ethical approval from the Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte (Approval No. 40.07.233). All participants agreed to participate voluntarily and provided written informed consent before study initiation.

 

Results

During 2024, a total of 45 patients were enrolled, of whom 64.44% were women. The mean age was 62.97 ± 12.58 years. Regarding clinical characteristics, the most frequent underlying diagnosis was coronary artery disease (73.33%), followed by ischemic heart disease (15.56%), cardiogenic shock (8.89%) and heart failure (2.22%) Table 1.

 

Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients (N = 45)

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Table 2 shows the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to both tests. The 6MWT elicited a greater increase in final heart rate (112.73 ± 18.08) compared with the STS1 (94.60 ± 14.55). In contrast, the STS1 had a greater effect on SBP and DBP and, consequently, on MAP (p < 0.001), with an increase of 5.9 mmHg at the end of the test, whereas the 6MWT increased it by only 0.12 mmHg.

 

Table 2. Baseline and post-test physiological responses for the 6MWT and the STS1

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Table 2. Baseline and post-test physiological responses for the 6MWT and the STS1

Variable 6MWT STS1 p-value *
Baseline Post-test p-value Baseline Post-test p-value
HR 80.67 ± 12.43 112.73 ± 18.08 <0.001 79.89 ± 12.31 94.60 ± 14.55 <0.001 <0.001
SBP 130.89 ± 19.07 131.42 ± 21.85 0.835 137.00 ± 23.06 146.75 ± 27.88 <0.001 <0.001
DBP 78.00 ± 13.08 77.91 ± 11.43 0.968 79.93 ± 13.15 83.91± 15.25 0.010 0.006
MAP 95.62 ± 13.70 95.74 ± 12.74 0.954 98.95 ± 14.58 104.85 ± 16.81 <0.001 <0.001
SpO2 96.11 ± 2.55 93.89 ± 4.11 <0.001 95.89 ± 4.66 95.22 ± 4.59 0.468 0.005
RR 20.84 ± 4.77 28.31 ± 6.95 <0.001 20.98 ± 5.24 24.27 ± 5.23 <0.001 <0.001

6MWT: 6-Minute Walk Test; STS1: 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test; HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SpO2: oxygen saturation; RR: respiratory rate. * p-value for the comparison of mean post- test values between the 6MWT and the STS1. Student’s t-test: values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).

 

Regarding physiological variables at baseline for the 6MWT and the STS1, strong positive correlations were observed for HR (r = 0.952; p< 0.001), DBP (r = 0.879; p< 0.001), MAP (r = 0.810; p< 0.001), and RR (r = 0.965; p< 0.001). Moderate positive correlations were also found for SBP (r = 0.674; p< 0.001) and SpO2 (r = 0.695; p< 0.001), all of which were statistically significant. At post-test assessment for both tests, a strong positive correlation was observed for SpO₂ (r = 0.760; p< 0.001), while moderate positive correlations were found for HR (r = 0.598; p< 0.001), SBP (r = 0.617; p< 0.001), DBP (r = 0.417; p = 0.001), MAP (r = 0.670; p< 0.001), and RR (r = 0.669; p< 0.001), all of which were statistically significant Table 3.

A moderate positive correlation was observed between the number of repetitions performed in the STS1 and the distance covered in the 6MWT, which was statistically significant (p< 0.001).

 

Table 3. Correlation between cardiovascular and ventilatory physiological variables and perceived exertion at baseline and post-test for the 6MWT and the STS1

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Table 3. Correlation between cardiovascular and ventilatory physiological variables and perceived exertion at baseline and post-test for the 6MWT and the STS1

Variable

HR

STS1

SBP

STS1

DBP

STS1

MAP

STS1

SpO2

STS1

RR

STS1

Fatigue

STS1

STS1*

(Repetitions)
Baseline
HR 6MWT 0.952**
SBP 6MWT 0.674**
DBP 6MWT 0.879**
MAP 6MWT 0.815**
SpO2 6MWT 0.473*
RR 6MWT 0.965**
Fatigue 6MWT 0.182
Post-test
HR 6MWT 0.598**
SBP 6MWT 0.617**
DBP 6MWT 0.471*
MAP 6MWT 0.670**
SpO2 6MWT 0.760**
RR 6MWT 0.669**
Fatigue 6MWT 0.034
6MWT (Distance) 0.616**

HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SpO2: oxygen saturation; RR: respiratory rate; 6MWT: 6-Minute Walk Test; STS1: 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test. Pearson correlation; * p< 0.01, ** p< 0.001.

 

Discussion

CVDs significantly impair patients’ physical function, reducing cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength, which in turn affects their daily activities. Therefore, clinical assessment and functional capacity stratification are essential for prescribing appropriate rehabilitation programs.

The 6MWT is widely used to assess functional capacity across various conditions, demonstrating good performance in evaluating exercise capacity. However, space constraints in some clinical settings necessitate the identification of alternative tests. In this context, the STS1, initially used in healthy older adults, has emerged as a viable option for assessing functional capacity in patients with chronic diseases17, as it is easy to administer, requires minimal space, and provides information on lower-extremity muscle strength7. This study examines the correlation between the 6MWT and the STS1 as a complementary tool for evaluating functional capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, a higher proportion of participants were women, with a mean age of 62.9 ± 12.58 years. These results are consistent with similar studies in terms of age18,19, but differ regarding sex, as participants in those studies were predominantly male. Additionally, some studies have focused on a single group within cardiovascular diseases, as they did not include multiple conditions within this broad category19,20, whereas the present study includes coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiogenic shock, and heart failure.

The STS1 and the 6MWT require different movement patterns to be performed; however, similarities were observed in physiological responses to physical exertion, including both cardiovascular and ventilatory variables. Heart rate was higher at the end of the 6MWT compared with the STS1, consistent with findings reported in other studies across different patient populations (Ozel et al.20, Meriem et al.21, Wang et al.19, and Watson et al.22). In patients with cardiovascular disease, the greater increase in heart rate during the 6MWT is related to the duration and sustained nature of the effort, as it requires a continuous supply of oxygen to the muscles, increasing cardiac workload and cardiac output to pump blood and meet the metabolic demands of continuous aerobic exercise. In contrast, during the STS1, physical effort is intermittent, and oxygen demand decreases between repetitions, allowing partial recovery of heart rate20,21.

A significant increase in SBP was observed at the end of both tests, with a slightly greater increase in SBP during the STS1, which also influenced MAP. Nevertheless, findings in the literature are inconsistent regarding blood pressure responses, as some studies19,20 have reported a greater increase in SBP with the STS1, whereas others23-25 have reported similar responses for both tests.

The STS1 requires rapid movements involving quick changes in posture, which reduce central blood volume. This leads to rapid activation of the autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, and consequently SBP as an orthostatic response26 to maintain cerebral and coronary blood flow. However, in patients with cardiovascular disease, compensatory mechanisms may be impaired due to prior cardiac surgery, medication use, or autonomic dysfunction27.

The findings of this study regarding SBP during the STS1 are related to postural changes, which impose an immediate cardiovascular demand, in contrast to the 6MWT, which elicits a slower but sustained response over time, with more stable SBP behavior during the test. Therefore, particular caution is warranted in postoperative patients with cardiovascular disease to avoid adverse outcomes during functional assessment, as blood pressure regulatory mechanisms may be impaired. Additionally, the STS1 involves rapid and physically demanding postural changes in this patient population, requiring adequate cardiovascular adaptation.

Regarding the correlation between distance covered in the 6MWT and the number of repetitions in the STS1, a strong positive correlation was observed (r = 0.610; p< 0.05). These findings are supported by several studies, such as that of Ozel et al.19, which reported a strong association between these variables (r = 0.809; p< 0.001) in patients with atrial fibrillation. Similarly, Tanriverdi et al.23 reported a moderate-to-strong correlation (r = 0.612; p< 0.001) in patients with chronic heart failure. Wang et al.19 also found a moderate correlation (r = 0.55; p< 0.001) between both tests in patients with coronary artery disease. In that study, patients with stable coronary artery disease, post-acute myocardial infarction, or following percutaneous coronary intervention were included, demonstrating that the STS1 shows convergent validity with the 6MWT and can discriminate cardiovascular risk levels. In addition, they reported high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96) and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 for the STS1, with good sensitivity and specificity for predicting a high risk of cardiovascular events.

In patients with heart failure, Tanriverdi et al.23 evaluated the validity and reliability of the STS1 in individuals with chronic heart failure, reporting excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.932) and a significant correlation with the 6MWT, functional class, muscle strength, and pulmonary function. Their findings indicate that the STS1 elicits physiological demands similar to those of the 6MWT, with the advantage of requiring less space and time23. Triangto et al.28 demonstrated that the 30-second sit-to-stand test shows a strong correlation with the 6MWT (r = 0.629; p< 0.001) in patients with chronic heart failure with systolic dysfunction, reinforcing its utility as a marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. These results are consistent with the findings of the present study.

Moreover, this correlation has been widely studied in patients with COPD29-33, supporting the use of the STS1 as a complementary tool for estimating functional capacity. Although the pattern of lower- extremity muscle activation may be similar between both tests, it is important to recognize that the underlying energy systems differ, with the 6MWT being predominantly aerobic and the STS1 involving greater anaerobic contribution, which may influence outcomes such as oxygen consumption (VO2). However, both tests integrate cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal responses, and their combined use has proven relevant across diverse clinical settings. Therefore, the STS1 does not replace the 6MWT but may serve as a valid alternative when the latter is not feasible, provided its application and interpretation account for these physiological differences.

This study has several strengths, including the combined analysis of the STS1 and the 6MWT in a real- world clinical setting, providing evidence applicable to cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. It also highlights the assessment of key physiological variables and the inclusion of diverse cardiovascular diagnoses, allowing exploration of the utility of the STS1 across a broad spectrum of patients. However, the findings should be interpreted within the context of these considerations, and future studies with larger sample sizes and more homogeneous subgroups are needed to enhance generalizability.

Among the limitations of this study are the small sample size and the absence of maximal exercise testing, such as cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), for direct validation of functional capacity. Additionally, disease duration and the presence of comorbidities were not included in the analysis. However, the latter limitation does not affect the results obtained, as the exclusion criteria accounted for clinical conditions that could alter physiological responses to physical testing, such as unstable cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal or psychiatric disorders.

 

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate that the STS1 shows a significant positive correlation with the 6MWT in patients with cardiovascular disease, supporting its use as a complementary tool for functional assessment. Although both tests evaluate different components of functional capacity, the similar physiological responses—characterized by greater cardiovascular demands in the 6MWT and greater hemodynamic responses in the STS1—indicate that the STS1 may be a valid option in clinical settings where space or resources are limited.

This correlation reflects the integration of muscle strength and aerobic endurance, both essential components in cardiac rehabilitation. The STS1, by requiring less space and time, offers practical advantages without compromising the quality of functional assessment.

Despite the limitations related to sample size and the heterogeneity of diagnoses, this study provides relevant evidence that reinforces the role of the STS1 in clinical practice. A key strength is the comparative physiological analysis between both tests, which allows for a more comprehensive clinical interpretation of their applicability. These findings underscore the need for further research with larger and more homogeneous samples to strengthen the external validity of these results.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Funding: This research received no funding.

 

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Referencias

Machado A, Dias C, Rebelo P, Souto-Miranda S, Mendes MA, Ferreira D, et al. Functional capacity using sit-to-stand tests in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship with disease severity-a cross-sectional study with matched controls. Braz J Phys Ther. 2024;28(4):101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101090

X

Referencias

Oliveros MJ, Seron P, Román C, Gálvez M, Navarro R, Latin G, et al. Two-Minute Step Test as a Complement to Six-Minute Walk Test in Subjects With Treated Coronary Artery Disease. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2022;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.848589

X

Referencias

Wang Z, Yan J, Meng S, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang T, et al. Reliability and validity of sit-to-stand test protocols in patients with coronary artery disease. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2022;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.841453

X

Referencias

Ozel CB, Ozdemir HY, Dural M, Al A, Yalvac HE, Mert GO, et al. The one-minute sit-to-stand test is an alternative to the 6-minute walk test in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional study and ROC curve analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2024;419:132713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132713

X

Referencias

Meriem M, Cherif J, Toujani S, Ouahchi Y, Hmida AB, Beji M. Sit-to-stand test and 6-min walking test correlation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Thoracic Medicine. 2015;10(4):269-273. https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1737.165289

X

Referencias

Watson K, Winship P, Cavalheri V, Vicary C, Stray S, Bear N, et al. In adults with advanced lung disease, the 1-minute sit-to-stand test underestimates exertional desaturation compared with the 6-minute walk test: an observational study. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2023:69(2):108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2023.02.001

X

Referencias

Tanriverdi A, Kahraman BO, Ozpelit E, Savci S. Test Retest Reliability and Validity of 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Heart Lung and Circulation. 2023;32(4):518-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2023.01.008

X

Referencias

Anuku R, Intarakamhang P, Phongamwong C, Meesuksabai P. Comparison of the Sit-to-Stand Test with the 6-Minute Walk Test in Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients. J Rehabil Med. 2024;34(3):138-41. https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/aseanjrm/article/view/269483

X

Referencias

Ozalevli S, Ozden A, Itil O, Akkoclu A. Comparison of the Sit-to-Stand Test with 6min walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Medicine. 2007;101(2):286-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.05.007

X

Referencias

Velilla-Zancada SM, Prieto-Díaz MA, Escobar-Cervantes C, Manzano-Espinosa L. La hipotensión ortostática, esa gran desconocida. SEMERGEN Medicina de Familia. 2017;43(7):501-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2016.09.006

X

Referencias

Hadayá J, Ardell JL. Autonomic Modulation for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol. 2020;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.617459

X

Referencias

Triangto I, Dhamayanti AS, Putra MS, Witjaksono D, Rahmad R, Zuhriyah L, et al. Correlation of Sit-to-Stand Test and 6-Minute Walk Test to Illustrate Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Systolic Heart Failure Patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2025;49(1):23-29. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240057

X

Referencias

Crook S, Büsching G, Schultz K, Lehbert N, Jelusic D, Keusch S, et al. A multicentre validation of the 1-min sit-to-stand test in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 2017;49(3):1601871. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01871-2016

X

Referencias

Reychler G, Boucard E, Peran L, Pichon R, Le Ber-Moy C, Ouksel H, et al. One minute sit-to-stand test is an alternative to 6MWT to measure functional exercise performance in COPD patients. The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 2017;12(3):1247-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12658

X

Referencias

Anbumaran PM, Swetha S, Prasanth G, Sakthi Sangeetha V, Gangadharan V. Correlation between six-minute walk test and sit-to-stand test in COPD patients. Biomedicine. 2022;42(3):600-4. https://biomedicineonline.org/article/correlation-between-six-minute-walk-test-and-sit-to-stand-test-in-copd-patients/

X

Referencias

Thu HNT, Le Khac B, Poncin W. Reliability of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine. 2024;67(7):101866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2024.101866

X

Referencias

Meghashri V, Raveesha A, Mehta C, Deepthi M. Correlation of Six Minute Walking Test, Sit to Stand Test and Pulmonary Function Test in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2023;17(1). https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58723.17229

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  9. Zamboti CL, Pimpão HA, Bertin LD, Krinski GG, Garcia T, dos Santos Filho SLS, et al. Functional Measures in Non-COPD Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2024;13(22):6887. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13226887

  10. Zampogna E, Pignatti P, Ambrosino N, Cherubino F, Fadda AM, Zappa M, et al. The 5-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test as an Outcome Measure for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Subjects With Asthma. Respir Care. mayo de 2021;66(5):769-76. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.08452

  11. Adsett JA, Bowe R, Kelly R, Louis M, Morris N, Hwang R. A Study of the Reliability, Validity, and Physiological Changes of Sit-to-Stand Tests in People With Heart Failure. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2023;43(3):214-219. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000739

  12. Keen C, Smith I, Hashmi-Greenwood M, Sage K, Kiely DG. Pulmonary Hypertension and Measurement of Exercise Capacity Remotely: Evaluation of the 1-min Sit-to-Stand Test (PERSPIRE) - a cohort study. ERJ Open Res. 2023;9(1). https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00295-2022

  13. Van Cappellen-van Maldegem SJM, Hoedjes M, Seidell JC, van de Poll-Franse LV, Buffart LM, Mols F, et al. Self-performed Five Times Sit-To-Stand test at home as (pre-)screening tool for frailty in cancer survivors: Reliability and agreement assessment. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2023;32(7-8):1370-1380. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16299

  14. ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):111-7. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102

  15. Bohannon RW, Crouch R. 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test: systematic review of procedures, performance, and clinimetric properties. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019;39(1):2-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000336

  16. Saavedra-Orozco NA, Avila-Valencia JC, Betancourt-Peña J, Benavides-Cordoba V. Sit-to-stand test como alternativa en la evaluación de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Mendeley Data. 2025. https://doi.org/10.17632/c266cft26g.1

  17. Machado A, Dias C, Rebelo P, Souto-Miranda S, Mendes MA, Ferreira D, et al. Functional capacity using sit-to-stand tests in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship with disease severity-a cross-sectional study with matched controls. Braz J Phys Ther. 2024;28(4):101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101090

  18. Oliveros MJ, Seron P, Román C, Gálvez M, Navarro R, Latin G, et al. Two-Minute Step Test as a Complement to Six-Minute Walk Test in Subjects With Treated Coronary Artery Disease. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2022;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.848589

  19. Wang Z, Yan J, Meng S, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang T, et al. Reliability and validity of sit-to-stand test protocols in patients with coronary artery disease. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2022;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.841453

  20. Ozel CB, Ozdemir HY, Dural M, Al A, Yalvac HE, Mert GO, et al. The one-minute sit-to-stand test is an alternative to the 6-minute walk test in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional study and ROC curve analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2024;419:132713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132713

  21. Meriem M, Cherif J, Toujani S, Ouahchi Y, Hmida AB, Beji M. Sit-to-stand test and 6-min walking test correlation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Thoracic Medicine. 2015;10(4):269-273. https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-1737.165289

  22. Watson K, Winship P, Cavalheri V, Vicary C, Stray S, Bear N, et al. In adults with advanced lung disease, the 1-minute sit-to-stand test underestimates exertional desaturation compared with the 6-minute walk test: an observational study. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2023:69(2):108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2023.02.001

  23. Tanriverdi A, Kahraman BO, Ozpelit E, Savci S. Test Retest Reliability and Validity of 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Heart Lung and Circulation. 2023;32(4):518-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2023.01.008

  24. Anuku R, Intarakamhang P, Phongamwong C, Meesuksabai P. Comparison of the Sit-to-Stand Test with the 6-Minute Walk Test in Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients. J Rehabil Med. 2024;34(3):138-41. https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/aseanjrm/article/view/269483

  25. Ozalevli S, Ozden A, Itil O, Akkoclu A. Comparison of the Sit-to-Stand Test with 6min walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Medicine. 2007;101(2):286-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.05.007

  26. Velilla-Zancada SM, Prieto-Díaz MA, Escobar-Cervantes C, Manzano-Espinosa L. La hipotensión ortostática, esa gran desconocida. SEMERGEN Medicina de Familia. 2017;43(7):501-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2016.09.006

  27. Hadayá J, Ardell JL. Autonomic Modulation for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol. 2020;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.617459

  28. Triangto I, Dhamayanti AS, Putra MS, Witjaksono D, Rahmad R, Zuhriyah L, et al. Correlation of Sit-to-Stand Test and 6-Minute Walk Test to Illustrate Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Systolic Heart Failure Patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2025;49(1):23-29. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240057

  29. Crook S, Büsching G, Schultz K, Lehbert N, Jelusic D, Keusch S, et al. A multicentre validation of the 1-min sit-to-stand test in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 2017;49(3):1601871. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01871-2016

  30. Reychler G, Boucard E, Peran L, Pichon R, Le Ber-Moy C, Ouksel H, et al. One minute sit-to-stand test is an alternative to 6MWT to measure functional exercise performance in COPD patients. The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 2017;12(3):1247-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12658

  31. Anbumaran PM, Swetha S, Prasanth G, Sakthi Sangeetha V, Gangadharan V. Correlation between six-minute walk test and sit-to-stand test in COPD patients. Biomedicine. 2022;42(3):600-4. https://biomedicineonline.org/article/correlation-between-six-minute-walk-test-and-sit-to-stand-test-in-copd-patients/

  32. Thu HNT, Le Khac B, Poncin W. Reliability of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine. 2024;67(7):101866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2024.101866

  33. Meghashri V, Raveesha A, Mehta C, Deepthi M. Correlation of Six Minute Walking Test, Sit to Stand Test and Pulmonary Function Test in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2023;17(1). https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58723.17229