Propiedades físicas de estructuras tipo perovskita: Síntesis y aplicaciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.2474Palabras clave:
perovskita, manganita, cobaltita, cupratosResumen
Los materiales tipo perovskita han despertado gran interés dada la flexibilidad que poseen para acomodar elementos de diferentes radios iónicos, permitiéndoles ser estable. Ello ha conllevado al estudio de familias específicas, nombradas de acuerdo al catión de menor radio iónico en la estructura, tal es es el caso de materiales basados en cobalto (cobaltitas), en manganeso (manganitas), en hierro con bismuto (ferritas de bismuto), en iridio (iridiatos). En el presente trabajo se realiza una breve descripción de la estructura perovskita, de igual forma se detallan las características básicas de algunas familias que han sido importantes por su contribución en el campo de la ciencia básica y aplicaciones, dentro de los cuales se menciona los materiales superconductores de alta temperatura crítica basados en cobre, y se describen algunos métodos importantes de síntesis por vía húmeda y seca. Se obtiene que, de acuerdo con sus elementos constituyentes, las propiedades exhibidas por cada material son diferentes y variadas, y por tanto, es posible encontrar materiales aplicados desde sensores, hasta los aplicados en catálisis. Aun cuando su respuesta sea variada, desde el punto de vista estructural, todos los materiales comparten el ordenamiento de octaedros conectados por vértices que encierran el catión de mayor tamaño.
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