Experiencia de las enfermeras de traumatología en el cambio de posición de pacientes: un estudio descriptivo cualitativo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4324Palabras clave:
Servicios de Emergencia, Hospitales, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, Administradores de Enfermería, Políticas, Úlceras por PresiónResumen
Introducción: La evidencia clínica indica que la baja frecuencia con que las enfermeras de traumatología realizan el cambio de posición de los pacientes contribuye a la aparición de úlceras por presión durante la hospitalización. Objetivo: Este estudio buscó comprender cómo las enfermeras de traumatología abordan la necesidad de cambiar deposición a los pacientes en el servicio de urgencias y en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en Arabia Saudita. Materiales y Métodos: En este estudio, se empleó un diseño cualitativo descriptivo de acordó con los lineamientos del COREQ y su lista de chequeo para reportar los resultados del estudio. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a enfermeras enfocadas en explorar su interacción con la necesidad de cambiar la posición de los pacientes. La investigación aplicó los criterios de rigor establecidos por Lincoln y Guba. Resultados: Participaron quince enfermeras de un hospital gubernamental grande en Arabia Saudita. Los hallazgos mostraron que la claridad de las políticas institucionales, el trabajo en equipo y el nivel de supervisión por parte de la dirección influyen en la decisión de realizar el cambio de posición. Este procedimiento suele omitirse debido al retraso en las decisiones médicas y a la carga laboral. Además, una vez tomada la decisión de realizar el cambio de posición, factores como la habilidad de la enfermera y la disponibilidad de equipos influyen en la ejecución del cambio. Discusión: La existencia de políticas claras, la toma oportuna de decisiones médicas, el trabajo en equipo, una carga de trabajo manejable y el seguimiento por parte de la dirección son factores críticos que inciden en la decisión de realizar o posponer un cambio de posición. Una vez que se decide llevarlo a cabo, las enfermeras enfrentan un segundo momento crítico: evaluar sus propias habilidades, el equipo disponible y las necesidades del paciente. Incluso cuando se opta por cambiar la posición del paciente, las limitaciones percibidas en las destrezas y un equipo inadecuado pueden reducir significativamente la probabilidad de completar el procedimiento. Conclusiones: Los hospitales pueden apoyar los procesos mediante mejoras de las políticas y el sistema de atención de los pacientes de traumatología. El cambio de posición representa la piedra angular en la prevención de las úlceras por presión en pacientes de traumatología y es necesario introducir cambios en el sistema de trabajo para lograr un mayor cumplimiento.
Como citar este artículo: Iblasi Abdulkareem S, Aungsuroch Yupin, Juanamasta I Gede, Watffa Ghassan, Al Omran Yousef, Al Shammari Batla. Trauma nurses' experience of repositioning practice for trauma patients: a qualitative descriptive study. Revista Cuidarte. 2025;16(3):e4324. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4324
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