Cuidado más allá del quirófano: determinantes sociales en Enfermería quirúrgica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5663Palabras clave:
Determinantes Sociales de la Salud, Enfermería Perioperatoria, Atención Perioperativa, Equidad en SaludResumen
Introducción: En el quirófano, los determinantes sociales de la salud influyen directamente en los resultados quirúrgicos, desde la indicación hasta el periodo postoperatorio, reflejando desigualdades sociales que requieren una atención prioritaria por parte de la enfermería. Objetivo: Reflexionar, mediante una revisión narrativa, sobre la influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en los resultados quirúrgicos y sus implicaciones para la enfermería perioperatoria. Síntesis de Contenido: Este es un ensayo teórico-reflexivo basado en una revisión narrativa estructurada realizada en la base de datos PubMed entre abril y junio de 2025. Se incluyeron veintiséis artículos. El análisis se realizó mediante una síntesis temática integradora, organizada según el modelo de Dahlgren y Whitehead. Se evidenció que la incorporación de los determinantes sociales amplía el alcance de la práctica de enfermería en diferentes niveles. A nivel macro, implica el compromiso político-institucional, la participación en la formulación de políticas y la gestión equitativa de los recursos. En cuanto a los determinantes sociales de la salud, los aspectos clave incluyen la valoración social ampliada, la planificación de cuidados individualizados, la articulación con redes comunitarias y la educación sanitaria culturalmente sensible. Los determinantes microeconómicos incluyen la valoración clínica individualizada, el apoyo psicosocial, la atención humanizada, la planificación postoperatoria y el uso de tecnologías para la continuidad asistencial. Este enfoque fortalece la integralidad y la justicia social en el contexto quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La integración de los determinantes sociales de la salud en la práctica de enfermería en el centro quirúrgico fortalece la seguridad del paciente, mejora la calidad de la atención y contribuye a reducir las inequidades en salud.
Como citar este artículo: Ferreira, José Erivelton de Souza Maciel; Siqueira, Larissa Rodrigues; Carpino, Aneline Mesquita Sales; Júnior, Francisco Edilson Andrade Almeida; Teles, Rian Brito; Rebouças, Marcelo Bruno Almeida. Cuidar além do campo operatório: determinantes sociais na Enfermagem Cirúrgica. Revista Cuidarte. 2026;17(2):e5663. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5663
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