Revisión de las tecnologías avanzadas para la producción de butanol: un biocombustible alternativo.

Autores/as

  • Víctor Hugo Grisales-Díaz Universidad Libre de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.639

Palabras clave:

reactores con recuperación in situ, valorización de biomasa, fermentación ABE, recirculación de biomasa, intensificación de procesos

Resumen

El butanol es un biocombustible alternativo al etanol con más alto rendimiento energético y menos corrosivo. La principal ventaja de la producción biológica de butanol es la capacidad de fermentar tanto hexosas como pentosas, lo que lo hace una ruta atractiva para la valorización de residuos biomásicos. No obstante, esta fermentación en procesos convencionales tiene una baja productividad y concentración de producto, es decir, tiene una elevada inversión de capital y requerimientos de energía. Por tal motivo, en esta revisión se analizan las ventajas y desventajas de las diferentes tecnologías alternativas para la producción biológica de butanol. Entre las posibles tecnologías, se estudió la fermentación en etapas usando dos tipos diferentes de microrganismos, sistemas de recuperación in situ, sistemas con recirculación de biomasa e inmovilización celular. Una sola tecnología por sí sola no es capaz de solventar los bajos coeficientes de desempeño de la fermentación. Por lo cual, solo a través de diseños que combinen estas tecnologías se será capaz de volver la producción biológica de butanol grande otra vez. Entre las posibles combinaciones para valorizar los residuos lignocelulósicos, sistemas integrados con evaporación a vacío o con sistemas extractivos con solventes, con producción previa de ácido láctico y recirculación de biomasa, son interesantes ya que permiten alcanzar rendimientos cercanos al teórico, pueden incrementar la productividad en más de dos veces y tiene requerimientos de energía relativamente bajos (7-8 MJ/kg).

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09/01/2020

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Grisales-Díaz, V. H. . (2020). Revisión de las tecnologías avanzadas para la producción de butanol: un biocombustible alternativo. AiBi Revista De Investigación, Administración E Ingeniería, 8(3), 172–182. https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.639

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