Information Technology Governance in Colombian Small and Medium Companies: An Exploratory Study Using Data Analysis

Yeni Trujillo-Lambert; Mariutsi Osorio-Sanabria; Gina Maestre-Gongora; Hernan Astudillo

doi:10.15649/2346030X.3083

Authors

Yeni Trujillo-Lambert Banco de la Republica de Colombia - Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-3984
Mariutsi Osorio-Sanabria Fundación Universitaria María Cano - Medellín, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-3052
Gina Maestre-Gongora Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Medellín, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-9245
Hernan Astudillo Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María - Valparaíso, Chile; Universidad Andrés Bello - Viña del Mar, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6487-5813

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.3083

Keywords:

IT governance, SME’s, data analytics, data mining

Abstract

Information Technology (IT) is a resource for achieving strategic business objectives. However, many Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME’s) do not consider IT a strategic area. This article explores the perception of IT governance in Colombia among IT professionals. It presents the design, data analysis, and results of a survey based on the Governance of Enterprise IT framework. The survey was conducted in 2019 and 2020, obtaining responses from 151 IT professionals that worked in 48 SME's and 90 from large companies. Data were analyzed with WEKA and KNIME, applying classification, segmentation, and association techniques. Results indicate that: (1) SME’s associate IT investment with the generation and improvement of products and services; (2) employees’ and users’ performance is higher when they work in companies with managers that have a high commitment to IT governance; and (3) 95% of companies with high implementation levels of IT governance consider IT very important in their strategies.

References

J. I. R. Molano, E. J. R. Saavedra, and Y. P. M. Villalobos, “Metodology integration between IT governance and balanced scorecard: Design based on companies in collection services,” in 2014 9th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), Jun. 2014, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/CISTI.2014.6876932.

P. Zhang, K. Zhao, and R. L. Kumar, “Impact of IT Governance and IT Capability on Firm Performance,” Inf. Syst. Manag., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 357–373, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1080/10580530.2016.1220218.

Author, Author, and Author, “Deleted for Peer Review,” in Desarrollo e Innovación en Ingeniería (ed. 5), E. Serna M., Ed. Medellín: Instituto Antioqueño de Investigación, 2020.

F. Bergeron, A. M. Croteau, S. Uwizeyemungu, and L. Raymond, “IT governance theories and the reality of SMEs: Bridging the gap,” in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Mar. 2015, vol. 2015-March, pp. 4544–4553, doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2015.542.

T. DuMoulin, “Governance of enterprise IT missing in action,” COBIT Focus, 2015. www.pinkelephant.com (accessed Nov. 26, 2020).

M. Simonsson, P. Johnson, and M. Ekstedt, “The Effect of IT Governance Maturity on IT Governance Performance,” Inf. Syst. Manag., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 10–24, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1080/10580530903455106.

S. Héroux and A. Fortin, “Exploring IT Dependence and IT Governance,” Inf. Syst. Manag., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 143–166, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1080/10580530.2014.890440.

Isaca, “Governance of Enterprise IT (GEIT) Survey Asia-Pacific,” Ed. March 2012, no. March, pp. 22–25, 2012.

P. Ariza, “Gobierno de TI en Pymes Colombianas. ¿Mito o Realidad? IT Government in Colombians SMEs. Myth or Reality?,” 2017. Accessed: Mar. 08, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322552206.

W. Van Grembergen and S. De Haes, Enterprise governance of information technology: Achieving strategic alignment and value. Springer, 2009.

A. López Salazar, “La planeación estratégica en la pequeña y mediana empresa: Una revisión bibliográfica,” econoquantum, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 141–164, Dec. 2005, doi: 10.18381/eq.v2i1.171.

H. Garbarino Alberti, “Marco de Gobernanza de TI para empresas PyMEs - SMEsITGF,” Facultad de Informática (UPM), 2014.

C. E. Marulanda Echeverry, M. López Trujillo, and F. J. Valencia Duque, “Gobierno y gestión de ti en las entidades públicas,” AD-minister, no. 31, pp. 75–92, Nov. 2017, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.31.5.

LEZAMA-Valeria, “Revista de Tecnologías de la Información El Gobierno TI es el único camino posible para asegurar que las áreas de sistemas contribuyen al éxito de las empresas,” Diciembre, vol. 1, pp. 9–14, 2014.

P. Ajibade and S. M. Mutula, “Promoting SMEs effectiveness through innovative communication strategies and business-IT alignment,” Probl. Perspect. Manag., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 233–244, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.20.

R. F. Frogeri, D. J. Pardini, A. M. P. Cardoso, L. Á. Prado, F. P. Piurcosky, and P. dos S. P. Junior, “IT Governance in SMEs,” Int. J. It/bus. Alignment Gov., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 55–73, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.4018/ijitbag.2019010104.

K. Kasemsap, “The roles of international entrepreneurship and organizational innovation in SMEs,” in International Business: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, IGI global, 2016, pp. 1318–1346.

L. Aversano, C. Grasso, and M. Tortorella, “Evolving enterprise information system in Small and Medium enterprise: An opportunistic approach and a case study,” in Proceedings - 13th IEEE International Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, CEC 2011, 2011, pp. 407–414, doi: 10.1109/CEC.2011.66.

O. Olutoyin and S. Flowerday, “Successful IT governance in SMES: An application of the Technology–Organisation–Environment theory,” SA J. Inf. Manag., vol. 18, no. 1, May 2016, doi: 10.4102/sajim.v18i1.696.

M. Al-Ruithe, E. Benkhelifa, and K. Hameed, “A systematic literature review of data governance and cloud data governance,” Pers. Ubiquitous Comput., vol. 23, no. 5–6, pp. 839–859, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s00779-017-1104-3.

Á. Moreno, M. P. Vicente-Galindo, and M. P. Galindo-Villardón, “Aprendizaje basado en árboles de decisión: un estudio crítico desde Weka, RapidMiner y SPSS Modeler,” 2016. Accessed: Sep. 19, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://gfnun.unal.edu.co/fileadmin/content/eventos/simposioestadistica/documentos/memorias/Memorias_2016/Comunicaciones/Mineria_de_Datos/Aprendizaje_Arboles_WekaRapidMinerSPSS_Moreno_Salazar_Vicente___Galindo.pdf.

M. G. Jiménez and A. Á. Sierra, “Análisis de Datos en WEKA–Pruebas de Selectividad,” It.Uc3M.Es, pp. 1–9, 2003, Accessed: Sep. 19, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://www.it.uc3m.es/jvillena/irc/practicas/06-07/28.pdf.

J. G. López, José M. M.; Herrero, “Aplicaciones Prácticas Utilizando Microsoft Excel y Weka,” <http://galahad.plg.inf.uc3m.es/~docweb/ad/transparencias/apuntesAnalisisDatos.pdf>., 2004. .

J. L. V. Villardón, “Introduccion Al Analisis De Cluster,” p. 22, 2011, Accessed: Jan. 16, 2021. [Online]. Available: http://benjamindespensa.tripod.com/spss/AC.pdf.

K. Azoumana, “Análisis de la deserción estudiantil en la Universidad Simón Bolívar, facultad Ingeniería de Sistemas, con técnicas de minería de datos,” publicaciones.americana.edu.co, vol. 6, pp. 41–51, 2013, Accessed: Sep. 19, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://publicaciones.americana.edu.co/index.php/pensamientoamericano/article/view/133/151.

C. L. Corso, “Aplicación de algoritmos de clasificación supervisada usando Weka,” Univ. Tecnológica Nac. Fac. Reg. Córdoba, p. 11, 2009, Accessed: Sep. 19, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://www.investigacion.frc.utn.edu.ar/labsis/Publicaciones/congresos_labsis/cynthia/CNIT_2009_Aplicacion_Algoritmos_Weka.pdf.

A. Fillbrunn, C. Dietz, J. Pfeuffer, R. Rahn, G. A. Landrum, and M. R. Berthold, “KNIME for reproducible cross-domain analysis of life science data,” Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 261. Elsevier B.V., pp. 149–156, Nov. 10, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.028.

OECD, “Enterprises by business size,” Oecd, 2020. https://data.oecd.org/entrepreneur/enterprises-by-business-size.htm (accessed Jan. 14, 2021).

P. W. Dewanti, I. A. Purnama, Sukirno, and K. Parthasarathy, “Subjective norms and academic dishonesty: A decision tree algorithm analysis,” Int. J. Informatics Vis., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 46–50, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.30630/joiv.5.1.423.

M. Deepa and P. Sumitra, “Intrusion detection system using k-means based on cuckoo search optimization,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 993, no. 1, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/993/1/012049.