Segunda víctima: análisis del concepto basado en el modelo evolutivo de Rodgers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5000Palabras clave:
Seguridad del Paciente, Salud Ocupacional, Formación de ConceptosResumen
Introducción: Los incidentes en la atención sanitaria no solo afectan a los pacientes, sino también a los profesionales involucrados, conocidos como “segundas víctimas”. El impacto sobre estos profesionales se considera una de las principales cargas ocultas del daño. Objetivo: Analizar el concepto de “segunda víctima” desde la perspectiva evolutiva de Rodgers. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación consiste en un análisis de concepto basado en la visión evolutiva de Rodgers, utilizando una revisión de alcance para identificar atributos, antecedentes, consecuencias, términos sustitutos y conceptos relacionados con el concepto de “segunda víctima”. Resultados: El concepto de “segunda víctima” incluye repercusiones físicas, emocionales y psicológicas duraderas. Los antecedentes incluyen la cultura punitiva y la falta de apoyo institucional y de pares. Las consecuencias abarcan trastornos del sueño, ira, tristeza, ansiedad, depresión, aislamiento, absentismo y abandono profesional. Los términos relacionados son seguridad del paciente y salud mental, mientras que los sustitutos incluyen “fenómeno” y “síndrome” de la segunda víctima. Discusión: Los entornos punitivos agravan los impactos negativos, desmotivan la seguridad del paciente, promueven que se oculte errores y que no se reporten, dificultando el aprendizaje organizacional y la corrección de errores. Conclusión: El concepto de “segunda víctima” se refiere a los trabajadores de la salud, académicos y personal administrativo o de apoyo, involucrados directa o indirectamente en la atención al paciente, quienes, al verse involucrados en un incidente involuntario relacionado con la atención en salud, manifiestan experimentar reacciones físicas, emocionales y psicológicas, con repercusiones en las dimensiones biopsicosocial, ética y jurídica. Sin un apoyo adecuado y oportuno, estas reacciones pueden volverse crónicas y, con el tiempo, patológicas.
Como citar este artículo: Silva, Matheus Tavares França da; Mendes, Caroliny Cristine dos Santos; Fernandes, Rebeca Furtado; Oliveira, Sherida Karanini Paz de; Carvalho, Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de. Segunda vítima: análise de conceito fundamentada no modelo evolucionário de Rodgers. Revista Cuidarte. 2026;17(2):e5000. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5000
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