Mindfulness en la reducción del estrés, ansiedad y depresión en personas privadas de la libertad: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5159Palabras clave:
Atención Plena, Estrés, Ansiedad, Depresión, PrisionerosResumen
Highlights
- El programa Path of Freedom destacó por su mayor efectividad al integrar mindfulness con inteligencia emocional y desarrollo de habilidades interpersonales.
- Las personas privadas de la libertad en sus primeros años de condena son más receptivas al mindfulness (por su mayor estrés y ansiedad), mientras que los que llevan muchos años en prisión muestran más resistencia al cambio.
- El MBSR reduce el estrés y el MBCT previene recaídas depresivas; en prisión, la elección entre uno u otro debe hacerse según el perfil psicológico de cada participante, y combinarlos da mejores resultados.
- La efectividad del mindfulness en prisiones está demostrada, pero casi todos los estudios usan muestras masculinas.
Introducción: Los trastornos mentales afectan a una de cada ocho personas en el mundo y provocan alteraciones significativas en el pensamiento, la regulación emocional y la conducta. Objetivo: Mapear el efecto de la intervención de mindfulness en la reducción de los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en personas privadas de la libertad. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó el marco metodológico de cinco etapas de Arksey y O´Malley. Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada en las bases de datos PubMed, SAGE Journals, Science, Springer y Web of Science. Resultados: En total, se incluyeron 10 artículos, los cuales analizaron 10 intervenciones distintas. En cuanto a la distribución por género, la mayoría de los estudios se enfocan en poblaciones masculinas, con excepción de tres estudios que evaluaron a mujeres y uno que incluyó una muestra mixta. Seis de las siete intervenciones revisadas mostraron una disminución significativa en al menos una de estas variables, destacando la intervención Path of Freedom. Discusión: La adaptación del programa Path of Freedom destacó como la más efectiva en la reducción del estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión. Este resultado sugiere que su impacto va más allá de las prácticas tradicionales de Mindfulness, integrando de manera más estructurada componentes clave de la regulación emocional. Conclusión: Las intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness han demostrado ser efectivas para reducir el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión en personas privadas de la libertad. Sin embargo, su impacto varía según el enfoque metodológico, la duración del programa y los componentes incorporados.
Como citar este artículo: Mateo-Crisóstomo Yadira, Camacho Rodríguez Doriam Esperanza, Aguilar Zavala Herlinda, Herrera Paredes José Manuel, Zamorano Espero Jesús Antonio. Mindfulness en la reducción del estrés, ansiedad y depresión en personas privadas de la libertad: revisión de alcance. Revista Cuidarte. 2026;17(3):e5159. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5159
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