Astichopus multifidus y Holothuria floridana de la costa yucateca como fuente potencial de agentes antifúngicos.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/2346075X.5093Palabras clave:
Astichopus, Holothuria, Isostichopus, antifúngico, YucatánResumen
Introducción. Las infecciones causadas por hongos patógenos representan un desafío persistente para la salud pública. Los invertebrados marinos, como los pepinos de mar (holoturias), son reconocidos por su alto contenido proteico y diversas propiedades medicinales. Además, actúan como reservorios de compuestos bioactivos. En las aguas territoriales de México, se encuentran seis especies de pepinos de mar, entre ellas Astichopus multifidus, Isostichopus badionotus y Holothuria floridana, distribuidas a lo largo de la península de Yucatán. Sin embargo, la sobreexplotación amenaza a estas especies, lo que podría reducir fuentes valiosas de agentes antimicrobianos. Objetivos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la actividad antifúngica de extractos orgánicos de A. multifidus y H. floridana frente a diversas cepas fúngicas, mediante ensayos de concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y concentración mínima fungicida (CMF). Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron extractos orgánicos de A. multifidus y H. floridana, los cuales fueron evaluados mediante el método de microdilución para determinar su actividad antifúngica. Se establecieron los valores de CMI y CMF frente a un panel de cepas fúngicas, incluyendo Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus niger y Cryptococcus neoformans. También se evaluaron extractos de Isostichopus badionotus. Resultados y discusión. Aproximadamente el 50 % de los extractos mostró actividad antifúngica. Los extractos butanólicos del cuerpo de A. multifidus y H. floridana presentaron los valores más bajos de CMI (15,6 µg/mL) frente a T. rubrum y A. niger, respectivamente. Además, estos extractos mostraron actividad antifúngica (31,2 µg/mL) contra C. neoformans. En contraste, los extractos de I. badionotus no presentaron actividad. Estos resultados sugieren que A. multifidus y H. floridana contienen compuestos bioactivos con potencial antifúngico. Conclusiones. Las propiedades antifúngicas de A. multifidus y H. floridana destacan su potencial como fuentes de nuevos agentes antifúngicos. Su uso sostenible podría contribuir al desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos antimicóticos
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