Robotics in the medicine of the future: treatment and rehabilitation

Inna Mezentseva; Olha Pavlovych; Petro Patiei; Valentyna Yarlykova; Ihor  Savchuk

doi:10.15649/2346075X.5708

Autores/as

Inna Mezentseva Institution of Higher Education "Academy of Recreation Technologies and Law", Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1455-9708
Olha Pavlovych Academy of Recreational Technologies and Law, Lutsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-6933
Petro Patiei Academy of Recreational Technologies and Law, Lutsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-9590
Valentyna Yarlykova Institution of Higher Education "Academy of Recreation Technologies and Law", Lutsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-9433
Ihor Savchuk Higher Education Institution "Academy of Recreation and Law", Lutsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5724-0078

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15649/2346075X.5708

Palabras clave:

Robótica, Rehabilitación post-ictus, Exoesqueletos, Inteligencia artificial, Neurorrehabilitación

Resumen

Introducción. La creciente demanda de rehabilitación eficaz posterior al ictus ha impulsado la incorporación de sistemas robóticos que integran inteligencia artificial y tecnologías sensoriales en la práctica clínica. Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de los sistemas robóticos en la rehabilitación de pacientes con ictus isquémico en clínicas de Ucrania. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio experimental controlado con 62 pacientes asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo control (fisioterapia convencional) y un grupo experimental (fisioterapia más terapia robótica asistida). Se emplearon exoesqueletos robóticos y simuladores con retroalimentación sensorial. Los resultados se evaluaron mediante la Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), la prueba Timed Up and Go (TUG) y el 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Algoritmos adaptativos ajustaron la intensidad del tratamiento según las necesidades individuales. Resultados. El grupo experimental presentó mayores mejoras respecto al control, con un aumento promedio de 6,63 puntos en la escala FMA, una reducción de 4,17 segundos en el TUG y un incremento de 44,47 metros en el 6MWT. Las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) y coherentes con la evidencia internacional que respalda la intervención temprana e intensiva. El tamaño muestral reducido y el corto seguimiento limitan la generalización. Conclusiones. La rehabilitación robótica mejora significativamente la función motora, la resistencia y la movilidad funcional tras el ictus. Se recomienda realizar estudios multicéntricos con seguimiento prolongado para estandarizar protocolos y evaluar la sostenibilidad de los resultados.

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