Repercusiones del COVID-19 en pacientes en hemodiálisis: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2695Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Diálisis Renal, Insuficiencia Renal Crónica, EnfermeríaAbstract
Introducción: El estado de inmunosupresión de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) aumenta su riesgo de obtener resultados clínicos desfavorables si llegaran a contraer COVID-19. Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica acerca de las repercusiones que tiene el COVID-19 en los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en este estudio. Se hizo una búsqueda en las bases de datos Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed y Virtual Health Library para identificar estudios relevantes. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó mediante la lista de chequeo adaptada por Downs y Black. La revisión siguió los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA. Resultados:Tras el proceso de selección se incluyeron un total de 16 artículos en la revisión. Todos los artículos obtuvieron una calidad metodológica superior a 66,8%. Las repercusiones más comunes del COVID-19 en los pacientes en hemodiálisis fueron el aumento de la tasa de mortalidad (75%), el desarrollo de signos y síntomas típicos de la enfermedad como fiebre, tos, disnea y fatiga (68,75%), linfopenia (68,75%), progresión a un síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (56,25%), necesidad de ventilación mecánica (50%) e ingreso a cuidados intensivos (50%). Conclusiones: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis son más susceptibles a contraer COVID-19 y, cuando contraen el SARS-CoV-2, tienen resultados clínicos más adversos, enfermedades más graves, mayor mortalidad y peor pronóstico que la población general.
Como citar este artículo: Frota Cavalcante Tahissa, Castro Jansen Raphaella, de Souza Maciel Ferreira José Erivelton, Meiru de Lima Cristefânia, Cândido Morais Huana Carolina, Pessoa Moreira Rafaella. Repercussions of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review. Revista Cuidarte. 2022;13(3):e2695. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2695
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