Análisis de fallecimientos por Covid-19 en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1528Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, ColombiaAbstract
Introducción: El artículo muestra un análisis de la evolución hasta la fecha (4 de mayo de 2021), de las estadísticas oficiales de casos de coronavirus (CC) y el número total de muertes (TND) por SARS-CoV-2 en Colombia. Dicha información se muestra en correlación con otras variables como son la tasa de casos fatales (CFR), el rango de edad de las personas, sus comorbilidades típicas reportadas y las ciudades donde ha habido mayor concentración de casos. Materiales y Métodos: En una base de datos fue registrada diariamente, desde el 16 de marzo de 2020 a la fecha, información concerniente al número diario de nuevos casos confirmados (DNC) y los fallecimientos diarios confirmados (DD). También se registró la edad de las personas fallecidas, así como su género, sus comorbilidades previas y ciudad de deceso. La evolución del TND con el tiempo de diferentes países fueron modelados matemáticamente y comparados con el de Colombia. Resultados: En Colombia, la edad promedio de las personas que mueren por COVID-19 es de 69.5±14.7 años (mediana y moda de 71 y 80 años, respectivamente) y el virus es menos letal en la población menor de 40 años. La mayor parte de las muertes se han producido en personas con comorbilidades previas y del género masculino. Conclusión: La mayoría de las personas fallecidas son personas de edad avanzada, principalmente con comorbilidades previas, y predominantemente de sexo masculino. Los picos epidemiológicos de COVID-19 son consistentes con las temporadas de lluvias e invierno, y con los picos epidemiológicos tradicionales de gripe o influenza.
Como citar este artículo: Rondón-Quintana Hugo Alexander, Zafra-Mejía Carlos Alfonso. Covid 19 death analysis in Colombia. Revista Cuidarte. 2021;12(3):e.1528 http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1528
References
Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva, AA, Haagmans BL. et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus—the species and its viruses, a statement of the coronavirus study group. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5:536–44. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239-42. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklov J. The reproductive number of covid-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med. 2020;27(2):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa021
Backer JA, Klinkenberg D, Wallinga J. Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travelers from Wuhan, China, 20-28 January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(5): 2000062. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.2000062
Yang Y, Liu MJ, Wang YX, Zhang AR, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China. MedRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.20021675
Xie M, Chen Q. Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus — an updated interim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:119–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.071
Alshogran O Y, Altawalbeh, S M, Al-Azzam, S I, Karasneh, R. Predictors of Covid-19 case fatality rate: An ecological study. Ann Med. Surgery, 2021;65:102319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102319
Mazza M G, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, Poletti S, Vai B, Bollettini I, Melloni E M T, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037
Khan S, Siddique R, Bai Q, Shabana Y, Xue M, Nabi G, Liu, J. Coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19): Causative agent, mental health concerns, and potential management options. J Infect Public Heal. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.010
Khan I, Haleem A, Javaid M. Analysing COVID-19 pandemic through cases, deaths, and recoveries. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020;10(4):450-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.08.003
Ejaz H, Alsrhani A, Zafar A, Javed H, Junaid K, Abdalla AE, Abosalif K, Ahmed Z, Younas E. COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients. J Infect Public Heal, Available online 4 August 2020:In Press, Corrected Proof. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.014
Mandal CC, Panwar, MS. Can the summer temperatures reduce COVID-19 cases? Public Health, 2020;185:72-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.065
Haque SE, Rahman M. Association between temperature, humidity, and COVID-19 outbreaks in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Policy, 2020;114:253-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.08.012
Sartor G, Del Riccio M, Dal Poz I, Bonanni P, Bonaccorsi G. COVID-19 in Italy: Considerations on official data. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;98:188-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.060
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Información Capital. 2019 [Consulted on 1 of May of 2021]. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf.
Ministerio de Salud (MINSALUD). Lineamientos para la prevención, diagnóstico, manejo y control de casos de Influenza. 2018 [Consulted on 1 of May of 2021]. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/lineamientos-prevencion-diagnostico-manejo-control-casos-influenza.pdf.
Chowell G, Sattenspiel L, Bansal S, Viboud C. Mathematical models to characterize early epidemic growth: a review. Phys Life Rev. 2016;18:66–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2016.07.005
De la Hoz-Restrepo F, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, De la Hoz-Gomez JF, De la Hoz-Gomez A, Gomez Del Corral L, Alvis-Guzmán N. Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the COVID-19 2020 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data. March to July 2020. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;99:522-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.017
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Pobreza y desigualdad. 2020 [Consulted on 24 of May of 2020]. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/pobreza-y-condiciones-de-vida/pobreza-y-desigualdad.
Ministerio de Salud. Desnutrición infantil en Colombia: Marco de referencia. Papeles en Salud Edición No. 03 agosto de 2016 Bogotá D.C. [Consulted on 5 of July of 2020]. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/AS/papeles-salud-n3.pdf
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Defunciones no fetales. 2019 [Consulted on 5 of July of 2020]. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/salud/nacimientos-y defunciones/defunciones-no-fetales/defunciones-no-fetales-2019
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Gran encuesta integrada de hogares (GEIH) Mercado laboral. 2020 [Consulted on 5 of July of 2020]. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/mercado-laboral/empleo-y-desempleo.
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018. 2018 [Consulted on 30 of April of 2020]. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/censo-nacional-de-poblacion-y-vivenda-2018/cuantos-somos
Badawi A, Ryoo SG. Prevalence of comorbidities in the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;49:129–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.015
Lai C, Shih T, Ko W, Tang H, Hsueh P. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(3):105924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
Jaillon S, Berthenet K, Garlanda C. Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity. Clin Rev Allerg Immu. 2019;56(3):308–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-017-8648-x
Bonmarin I, Belchior E, Bergounioux J, Brun-Buisson C, Megarbane B, Chappert J L, et al. Intensive care unit surveillance of influenza infection in France: the 2009/10 pandemic and the three subsequent seasons. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(46). https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066
Shah NS, Greenberg JA, McNulty MC, Gregg KS, Riddell J, Mangino JE, et al. Severe influenza in 33 US hospitals, 2013-2014: complications and risk factors for death in 507 patients. Infec Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36(11):1251-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.170
Mertz D, Kim TH, Johnstone J, Lam PP, Science M, Kuster SP, et al. Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;347: f5061. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5061
Goeijenbier M, van Sloten T T, Slobbe L, Mathieuf C, van Genderen P, Beyer W, Osterhaus A. Benefits of flu vaccination for persons with diabetes mellitus: a review. Vaccine 2017;35(38):5095–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.095
Zhang ZXZ, Kyaw W, Ho HJ, Tay MZ, et al. Seasonal influenza-associated intensive care unit admission and death in tropical Singapore 2011-2015. J Clin Virol. 2019;117:73-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2019.06.005
Zou Q, Zheng S, Wang X, Liu S, Bao J, et al. Influenza a-associated severe pneumonia in hospitalized patients: risk factors and NAI treatments. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;92:208-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.017
Guerrero N, Yépez-Ch M C. Factores asociados a la vulnerabilidad del adulto mayor con alteraciones de salud [Factors associated with the vulnerability of the elderly with health disorders] Universidad y Salud, 2015;17(1):121-31. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/reus/v17n1/v17n1a11.pdf
Al-Qahtani A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2): Emergence, history, basic and clinical aspects. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020;27(10):2531-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.033
Guan W, Ni Z, Yu H, Liang H, Ou C, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. The New England J Med. 2020;382:1708-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet, 2020;395:507–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
Pranata R, Huang I, Lim MA, Wahjoepramono EJ, July J. Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19 – systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Diseases, 2020;29(8):104949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104949
Sanchez-Ramirez DC, Mackey, D. Underlying respiratory diseases, specifically COPD, and smoking are associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med. 2020;171:106096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106096
Yadav R, Aggarwal S, Singh A. SARS-CoV-2-host dynamics: Increased risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2020;14(5):1355-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.030
Published
How to Cite
Altmetrics
Downloads
License
Journal Cuidarte, scientific publication of open access, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Any other form of use such as reproduction, transformation, public communication or distribution, for profit, requires the prior authorization of the University of Santander UDES.
The names and e-mail addresses entered in the Journal Cuidarte will be used exclusively for the purposes stated by this magazine and will not be available for any other purpose or other person.
The articles published in the Journal Cuidarte represent the criteria of their authors and do not necessarily constitute the official opinion of the University of Santander UDES.