Análisis de las infecciones relacionadas con la atención sanitaria antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital colombiano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3624Palabras clave:
Infecciones Asociadas con el Sistema de Salud, Resistencia a Antibióticos, Servicios de Control de Infección Hospitalaria, COVID-19Resumen
Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) representan un reto porque estas contribuyen a la morbilidad y mortalidad hospitalaria. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de las IAAS antes y durante la pandemia, las cuales fueron reportadas a una institución de salud de alta complejidad en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: En nuestro estudio observacional retrospectivo de las IAAS, analizamos los datos de todos los pacientes hospitalizados que fueron diagnosticados con una IAAS entre 2018 y 2020. Esto incluyó información clínica, demográfica, microbiológica y de susceptibilidad microbiana recabada de la base de datos prospectiva del Comité de Infecciones Nosocomiales. Los datos de 391 aislamientos se obtuvieron utilizando el programa informático Whonet para la vigilancia de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Resultados: Encontramos 504 casos de IAAS entre 2018 y 2020 con una tasa global de infección intrahospitalaria de 2,55/1000 pacientes al día. La mediana de edad de los pacientes pediátricos fue de 5 años y la de los adultos de 56 y el 57% de ellos eran varones. Los principales diagnósticos de ingreso fueron complicaciones oncológicas (31%). La bacteriemia tuvo una tasa de mortalidad a los 30 días del 13%, predominantemente asociada al uso de catéter (37%). Los bacilos gramnegativos, sobre todo Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, representaron el 58% de los casos de IAAS. Discusión: Se destaca la necesidad crítica de contar con intervenciones específicas y de gestión antimicrobiana para controlar las IAAS, especialmente teniendo en cuenta los retos que planteó la pandemia de Covid-19. Conclusiones: Este es el primer informe sobre la incidencia de las IAAS en un hospital terciario de Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). La bacteriemia predominó y 75% de los pacientes con IAAS presentaban comorbilidades. Predominaron los bacilos gramnegativos y se produjo un notable aumento de las infecciones respiratorias en las UCI durante la pandemia Covid-19 de 2020. Fue prevalente la resistencia a las cefalosporinas y a los carbapenémicos.
Como citar este artículo: Wintaco Luz M, Quintero-Lesmes Doris C, Vargas-Soler José A, Barrera Diego M, Palacio Laura N, Granados Ulises, Uribe Luis G “Analysis Healthcare Infections before and during of COVID-19 pandemic in a Colombian hospital”. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(1):e3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3624
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