Desafíos estructurales en la búsqueda de servicios de salud mental entre los funcionarios de la policía militar: una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4131Palabras clave:
Policía, Salud Mental, Atención a la Salud Mental, Estrés Psicológico, Salud OcupacionalResumen
Introducción: Los policías militares enfrentan diariamente situaciones estresantes y potencialmente traumáticas, resultando en una alta prevalencia de estrés ocupacional y comorbilidades mentales en este grupo. A pesar de esto, la búsqueda de servicios de atención en salud mental por parte de esta categoría de profesionales enfrenta desafíos estructurales que aún no se han discutido lo suficiente. Objetivo: Determinar los factores que más influyen en la búsqueda, oferta y utilización de los servicios de salud mental por parte de los policías militares mediante una revisión integradora de la literatura. Materiales y Métodos: La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), MEDLINE, Scopus y Embase. Tras las etapas de selección, se incluyeron 23 artículos para el análisis en esta revisión. Resultados: Los principales resultados indican que el estigma social, el desconocimiento acerca del tema y las deficiencias organizativas son aspectos cruciales que dificultan la búsqueda de servicios de bienestar psicológico en el ámbito policial. Discusión: A pesar de los numerosos obstáculos en la búsqueda de atención en salud mental en la policía, se destacó que el apoyo familiar y el desarrollo profesional están relacionados positivamente con la búsqueda de ayuda. Conclusión: Es necesaria más investigación para evaluar los programas de salud mental y comprender mejor las dificultades en la implementación de estos servicios. Promover la búsqueda de ayuda psicológica es esencial para mejorar la salud de los policías y la seguridad de la población.
Como citar este artículo: De Melo, Lara Gardênia Bezerra; Lima, Diana Lívia de Sales; Fernandes, Heronildo Almeida Luna; Silva, Ysabele Yngrydh Valente; Fonseca, Alvaro Micael Duarte; Do Nascimento, Ellany Gurgel Cosme. Desafios estruturais na busca por serviços de saúde mental entre policiais militares: Uma revisão integrativa. Revista Cuidarte. 2025;16(1):e4131. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4131
Referencias
Oliveira KL de, Santos LM dos.> Percepção da saúde mental em policiais militares da força tática e de rua. Sociologias. 2010;12(25):224-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-45222010000300009
Sousa RC de, Barroso SM, Ribeiro ACS. Aspectos de saúde mental investigados em policiais: uma revisão integrativa. Saúde e Sociedade. 2022;31(2):e201008pt. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902022201008pt
Tavares JP, Vieira LS, Pai DD, Souza SBC de, Ceccon RF, Machado WdeL. Rede de correlações entre qualidade de vida, resiliência e desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa em policiais militares. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2021;26(5):1931-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021265.10702019
Francisco DRM, Rodrigues APG, Pereira GK. Riscos psicossociais na saúde mental de policiais militares. HOLOS. 2022;8:e10379. https://www2.ifrn.edu.br/ojs/index.php/HOLOS/article/view/10379/3697
Santos TBR, Souza EA, Alves FR. Falta de reconhecimento profissional: principal motivo de estresse em policiais militares. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho. 2022;20(3):438-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2022-749
Santos FB dos, Lourenção LG, Vieira E, Ximenes Neto FRG, Oliveira AMN de, Oliveira JF de, et al. Estresse ocupacional e engajamento no trabalho entre policiais militares. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2021;26(12), 5987-5996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320212612.14782021
Ursi ES. Prevenção de lesões de pele no perioperatório: revisão integrativa da literatura [dissertação de Mestrado]. Ribeirão Preto: Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo; 2005. Disponível em: https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-18072005-095456/pt-br.php
De Melo LGB, Lima DLdS, Fernandes HAL, Silva YYV. Desafios estruturais na busca por serviços de saúde mental entre policiais militares: Uma revisão integrativa. Mendeley Data V1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/d4nhss4k2z.1
Padilla KE. A Descriptive Study of Police Officer Access to Mental Health Services. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. 2023;38(3), 607-613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-023-09582-6
Price JAB, Ogunade AO, Fletcher AJ, Ricciardelli R, Anderson GS, Cramm H, et al. Peer Support for Public Safety Personnel in Canada: Towards a Typology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(9):5013. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5013
Daniel AM, Treece KS. Law Enforcement Pathways to Mental Health: Secondary Traumatic Stress, Social Support, and Social Pressure. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. 2021;37(1):132-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-021-09476-5
Kyron MJ, Rikkers W, Bartlett J, Renehan E, Hafekost K, Baigent M, et al. Mental health and wellbeing of Australian police and emergency services employees. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 2022;77(4):282-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2021.1893631
DePierro J, Lowe SM, Haugen PT, Cancelmo L, Schaffer J, Schechter CB, et al. Mental health stigma and barriers to care in World Trade Center responders: Results from a large, population‐based health monitoring cohort. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2021;64(3):208–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23204
Drew JM, Martin S. A National Study of Police Mental Health in the USA: Stigma, Mental Health and Help-Seeking Behaviors. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. 2021;36(2):295-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-020-09424-9
Hofer MS, Savell SM. “There Was No Plan in Place to Get Us Help”: Strategies for Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Law Enforcement. J Police Crim Psych. 2021;36(3):543–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-021-09451-0
Smith-MacDonald L, Jones C, Sevigny P, White A, Laidlaw A, Voth M, et al. The Experience of Key Stakeholders During the Implementation and Use of Trauma Therapy via Digital Health for Military, Veteran, and Public Safety Personnel: Qualitative Thematic Analysis. JMIR Formative Research. 2021;5(8):e26369. https://doi.org/10.2196/26369
Burns C, Buchanan M. Factors that influence the decision to seek help in a police population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(18):6891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186891
Carleton RN, Afifi TO, Turner S, Taillieu T, Vaughan AD, Anderson GS, et al. Mental health training, attitudes toward support, and screening positive for mental disorders. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2019;49(1):55–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2019.1575900
Ricciardelli R, Czarnuch SM, Kuzmochka N, Martin K. “I’m not sick!…Are you?” Groupthink in police services as a barrier to collecting mental health data. International Journal of Police Science & Management. 2021;23(4):331-344. https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557211008473
Jetelina KK, Molsberry RJ, Gonzalez JR, Beauchamp AM, Hall T. Prevalence of Mental Illness and Mental Health Care use among Police Officers. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(10):e2019658. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19658
Krakauer RL, Stelnicki AM, Carleton RN. Examining Mental Health Knowledge, Stigma, and Service Use Intentions Among Public Safety Personnel. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:949. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00949
Tatebe LC, Rajaram Siva N, Pekarek S, Liesen E, Wheeler A, Reese C, et al. Heroes in crisis: Trauma centers should be screening for and intervening on posttraumatic stress in our emergency responders. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2020;89(1):132–139. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002671
Zhu X, Xia M, Hu Y, Zhang L, Lu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Mental Status and Psychological Needs of Chinese Police Officers in a Highly Impacted City during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion. 2020;22(3):149–57. https://doi.org/10.32604/IJMHP.2020.011097
Thoen MA, Dodson LE, Manzo G, Piña-Watson B, Trejos-Castillo E. Agency-offered and officer-utilized suicide prevention and wellness programs: A national study. Psychological Services. 2020;17(2):129–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000355
Ramchand R, Saunders J, Osilla KC, Ebener P, Kotzias V, Thornton E, et al. Suicide Prevention in U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies: a National Survey of Current Practices. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. 2018;34(1):55–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9269-x
McDevitt D, McDevitt MF. Behind the shield: Promoting mental health for law enforcement personnel. Nursing. 2020;50(6):62–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000662332.48712.6d
Hyland P, Boduszek D, Dhingra K, Shevlin M, Maguire R, Morley K. A test of the inventory of attitudes towards seeking mental health services. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 2015;43(4):397–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.963510
Karaffa KM, Koch JM. Stigma, Pluralistic Ignorance, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services Among Police Officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2016;43(6):759–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854815613103
Fox J, Desai MM, Britten K, Lucas G, Luneau R, Rosenthal MS. Mental-Health Conditions, Barriers to Care, and Productivity Loss Among Officers in An Urban Police Department. Connecticut medicine. 2012;76(9):525–31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089972/
Brown S, Burkhart BR, King GD, Solomon R. Roles and expectations for mental health professionals in law enforcement agencies. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1977;5(2):207–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00903204
Teese CF, Van Wormer J. Mental health training and consultation with suburban police. Community Mental Health Journal. 1975;11(2):115–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01420348
Spielberg CD, Westberry LG, Grier KS, Greenfield G. The Police Stress Survey: sources of stress in law enforcement. Washington: National Institute of Justice; 1981. Disponível em: https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/80993NCJRS.pdf
Reisig MD, Mays RD, Telep CW. Os efeitos da injustiça processual durante encontros entre policiais e cidadãos: um estudo de vinheta fatorial. J Exp Criminol. 2018;14:49–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-017-9307-1
Mackenzie CS, Knox VJ, Gekoski WL, Macaulay HL. Inventário de Atitudes em Relação à Procura de Serviços de Saúde Mental (IASMHS). Testes Psicológicos APA. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1037/t05528-000
Carlier IVE, Voerman AE, Gersons BPR. The influence of occupational debriefing on post-traumatic stress symptomatology in traumatized police officers. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 2000;73(1):87–98. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711200160327
Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. Escala de Estresse Percebido [registro em banco de dados]. Testes Psicológicos APA. 1983. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02889-000
Davidson J, Smith R, Kudler H. Validity and reliability of the DSM-III criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Experience with a structured interview. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 1989;177(6):336–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198906000-00003
Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, et al. The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Journal of traumatic stress. 1995;8(1):75–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105408
Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. O Inventário de Crescimento Pós-Traumático: Medindo o legado positivo do trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 1996;9(3):455–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090305
Publicado
Cómo citar
Descargas
Número
Sección
Categorías
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Revista Cuidarte

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Journal Cuidarte, scientific publication of open access, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Any other form of use such as reproduction, transformation, public communication or distribution, for profit, requires the prior authorization of the University of Santander UDES.
The names and e-mail addresses entered in the Journal Cuidarte will be used exclusively for the purposes stated by this magazine and will not be available for any other purpose or other person.
The articles published in the Journal Cuidarte represent the criteria of their authors and do not necessarily constitute the official opinion of the University of Santander UDES.