Latencia, horas de sueño y presión arterial en pacientes hospitalizados en México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4004Palabras clave:
Duración del Sueño, Latencia del Sueño, Presión Arterial, Hipertensión, HospitalizaciónResumen
Highlights
- Los pacientes hospitalizados presentaron un promedio de 1:29 horas de sueño menos que el promedio de la población mexicana.
- Un mayor número de horas de sueño se asoció con una menor presión arterial diastólica.
- Mayor latencia de sueño se asoció con mayor presión arterial sistólica.
- Es fundamental reconocer las alteraciones en el sueño en la hospitalización y tomar medidas para mitigar su impacto en la salud de los pacientes.
Introducción: Múltiples estudios han asociado la duración y calidad del sueño con cambios en la tensión arterial en la población general, considerándolo un factor de riesgo asociado, pero hay escasa información sobre pacientes hospitalizados, quienes tienden a experimentar alteraciones en el sueño. Objetivo: Examinar la relación entre la duración subjetiva del sueño, la latencia del sueño y la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en pacientes hospitalizados. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal de 381 adultos mexicanos hospitalizados en un hospital de segundo nivel en Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. Se evaluó por autorreporte la duración y la latencia de sueño usando el componente del Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburg. Se obtuvieron datos clínicos y sociodemográficos. Fue aprobado por comité de ética. Resultados: En los modelos ajustados, se encontró una asociación significativa y negativa entre las horas subjetivas de sueño y la presión arterial diastólica (β= -0,59; IC 95%: -1,80 - -0,10). Se observó una relación significativa y positiva entre la latencia del sueño y la presión arterial sistólica (β= 1,48; IC 95%: -0,49 – 2,47). Discusión: Los resultados son similares a los de estudios previos. La hospitalización puede afectar el sueño debido a entornos desconocidos, ruidos, horarios irregulares y procedimientos invasivos, lo que afecta la salud y el pronóstico de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Es fundamental considerar el sueño como un factor modificable en la prevención y manejo de la hipertensión en pacientes hospitalizados y encontrar intervenciones para mejorar su duración y calidad.
Como citar este artículo: Pérez-Vega María Elena, Aguirre-González Ma. Elena, Amaro-Valdez Tania, Morelos-García Edgar Noé, Reséndiz-González Eunice, Lara-Pérez Ricardo. Latencia, horas de sueño y presión arterial en pacientes hospitalizados en México. Revista Cuidarte. 2025;16(1):e4004. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4004
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