Análisis bibliométrico sobre biopesticidas y control biológico en cultivos: tendencias y perspectivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/2346075X.5777Palabras clave:
Innovación biotecnológica, Transición agroecológica, Agricultura sostenible, Manejo integrado de plagas.Resumen
Introducción. El aumento sostenido en el uso de pesticidas químicos, que alcanzó 3.73 millones d toneladas en 2023, junto con la expansión de la resistencia en 273 especies de malezas y 632 especies de artrópodos, ha intensificado la necesidad de alternativas más seguras para la protección vegetal. Objetivos. Caracterizar la evolución científica de la investigación sobre biopesticidas y control biológico en cultivos, identificando patrones temporales, geográficos y temáticos que orienten la adopción tecnológica sostenible. Materiales y Métodos. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo de mapeo bibliométrico, basado en 6,906 registros indexados en Scopus publicados entre 1973 y 2025. Los datos se analizaron utilizando Bibliometrix y VOSviewer para estimar indicadores de productividad, impacto, colaboración y estructura temática. Resultados. Los resultados revelaron una comunidad consolidada de 22,413 autores, con un promedio de 4.68 coautores por artículo, 24.31% de colaboración internacional y una tasa media de citación de 30.14. Las revistas más productivas fueron Biological Control y Biocontrol Science and Technology, mientras que China, Estados Unidos e India lideraron las contribuciones globales. Los clústeres conceptuales se centraron principalmente en Trichoderma, Bacillus y Pseudomonas fluorescens, y el periodo 2005– 2020 marcó la etapa de mayor impacto. Conclusiones. El biocontrol se ha convertido en una piedra angular científica de la transición agroecológica global, aunque persisten brechas en estandarización, validación multisitio e inclusión del Sur Global.
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