Sistemas de informação geográfica para a vigilância do câncer ocupacional: revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4747Palavras-chave:
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, Medicina Ocupacional, Vigilância Epidemiológica, Neoplasias, Exposição Ambiental, Análise EspacialResumo
Introdução: Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) são ferramentas computadorizadas projetadas para avaliar dados espaciais e são instrumentos cruciais para a compreensão da doença e seus determinantes. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de escopo para avaliar as aplicações, vantagens e limitações dos SIG na vigilância do câncer de relevância ocupacional. Materiais e Métodos: Uma busca sistemática de escopo foi realizada utilizando PubMed, Embase, Scopus e Bireme, aderindo à estrutura População, Contexto e Conceito (PCC) descrita nas diretrizes metodológicas do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) e o protocolo PRISMA ScR. Um processo semiautomatizado com o software Rayyan® foi empregado para a seleção dos estudos. As variáveis identificadas foram transferidas para análise subsequente, para conduzir uma pesquisa qualitativa. 55 artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: A revisão abrangeu estudos sobre vários tipos de câncer, emissões industriais e poluentes carcinogênicos relevantes para a saúde ocupacional; destacando ferramentas de SIG comumente utilizadas, metodologias de análise espacial e as vantagens e limitações dos SIG no monitoramento do câncer. Os estudos relataram indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade, equidade, pontualidade, cobertura e acesso à saúde, juntamente com indicadores de modelagem de agentes ambientais. Discussão: O SIG avança significativamente a pesquisa sobre câncer ao integrar e analisar diversos conjuntos de dados, mapear casos e identificar fatores de risco. Os desafios incluem a precisão dos dados, registros incompletos e variáveis socioeconômicas negligenciadas. Apesar das limitações, o SIG apoia a vigilância do câncer, as políticas de saúde ocupacional e os planos de prevenção, destacando os riscos de exposição, as disparidades na assistência à saúde e as oportunidades para melhorias futuras. Conclusão: O SIG é uma ferramenta cada vez mais valiosa na vigilância do câncer, aprimorando a compreensão dos padrões geográficos de exposição e variáveis associadas, fornecendo insights críticos para políticas públicas, planejamento de saúde e estratégias preventivas.
Como citar este artigo: Sanchez Diana Carolina, Talero Lorena Lisbeth, Mejia-Duarte Jose Ferney, Mendoza-Monsalve Alejandra, Licht-Ardila Maricel, Hurtado-Ortiz Alexandra. Geographic information systems for occupational cancer surveillance: a scoping review. Revista Cuidarte. 2025;16(3):e4747. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4747
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