Importancia pedagógica de la competencia lectora. Un estudio comparado sobre PISA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.3105Palabras clave:
rendimiento académico, competencia lectora, lectura, comprensión lectora, informe técnico PISAResumen
La lectura, como actividad cognitiva compleja, se ha convertido en el foco de numerosos estudios tanto nacionales como internacionales desde una perspectiva comparativa. En esta investigación se analiza el Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) a lo largo de los últimos años ya que, de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en España, se evidencia el bajo rendimiento presentado por el alumnado en la competencia lectora, mostrándose tal aspecto en los diferentes ciclos analizados, e incluso empeorando si tomamos en cuenta los informes de 2006 y 2018 ya que son los años en los que se alcanzaron los resultados más bajos (461 y 477 puntos respectivamente). Para ello, se analizan los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la competencia lectora mediante un estudio comparativo y longitudinal desde el año 2000 a 2018 teniendo en cuenta los resultados facilitados por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Considerando estos datos, a fin de comprenderlos mejor y contextualizar los factores que pueden dar lugar a los mismos, se estudian otros elementos como son la presencia de la competencia lectora en la legislación española, la inversión realizada en Educación Secundaria, la tasa de alumnado que finaliza Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, así como la evolución que han tenido las bibliotecas escolares tanto en número, usos o la participación de las familias y el entorno en las mismas. Estos aspectos se analizan de manera comparada con el rendimiento en lectura obtenido a lo largo de los estudios PISA. Por último, el enfoque de abordaje de los informes PISA justifica su consideración como elementos de referencia para comprender cualitativamente y de manera global los aspectos que interfieren en la consecución de una competencia lectora adecuada para el alumnado de quince años. Ello va más allá de los resultados numéricos.
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