Plan de cuidados de enfermería para la prevención de úlceras por presión secundarias a la posición prono en pacientes COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2234Palabras clave:
Prevención & control, Úlcera por presión, Posición prona, Infecciones por Coronavirus, PandemiasResumen
Resumen
Introducción: La posición prono (PP) es una alternativa terapéutica ampliamente recomendada e implementada en los pacientes con COVID-19. Sin embargo, aunque es un procedimiento no invasivo, es complejo y se asocia con eventos adversos como las úlceras por presión (UPP). Nuestro objetivo es proponer un plan de cuidados de enfermería basado en el lenguaje estandarizado NANDA-I, NIC, NOC para la prevención de las UPP secundarias a la PP en la enfermedad de COVID-19. Síntesis del contenido: En los pacientes con COVID-19, además de factores de riesgo propios del paciente como la edad avanzada y la presencia de comorbilidades, la PP contribuye a la presencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería de riesgo de úlcera por presión [00249], de deterioro de la integridad cutánea [00047] y tisular [00248]. Por su parte, la intervención de enfermería prevención de úlceras por presión [3540], es clave para minimizar el desarrollo de esta complicación, mejorar la calidad de la atención y el pronóstico en este tipo de pacientes. Finalmente, para determinar la efectividad del cuidado de enfermería se proponen los resultados NOC consecuencias de la inmovilidad: fisiológicas [0204] e integridad tisular: piel y membranas mucosas [1101]. Conclusión: La PP es una terapia coadyuvante recomendada para el manejo de los pacientes con COVID-19 críticamente enfermos, debido a que optimiza la función pulmonar, sin embargo está asociada a eventos adversos como las UPP. Este artículo presenta recomendaciones basadas en una revisión narrativa para facilitar la implementación de cuidados de enfermería preventivos que reduzcan su frecuencia en esta población.
Cómo citar este artículo: Rojas LZ, Mora Rico LA, Acosta Barón JV, Cristancho Zambrano LY, Valencia Barón YD, Hernández Vargas JA. Plan de cuidados de enfermería para la prevención de úlceras por presión secundarias a la posición prono en pacientes COVID-19. Revista Cuidarte. 2021;12(3):e2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2234
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