Intervenciones no farmacológicas para efectos secundarios a la quimioterapia antineoplásica priorizados por pacientes: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3612Palabras clave:
Terapias Complementarias, Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos, Oncología integrativa, Signos y SíntomasResumen
Highlights
- Esta revisión sistemática representa el estándar de la evidencia utilizado para describir intervenciones no farmacológicas y terapias alternativas destinadas al manejo de los efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia antineoplásica.
- Los síntomas secundarios de la quimioterapia oncológica fueron prioritarios tanto para los pacientes como para los profesionales a cargo del cuidado, quienes identificaron intervenciones no farmacológicas específicas para cada síntoma priorizado.
- Se subraya la necesidad de estandarizar las intervenciones y los criterios de evaluación de resultados, lo cual facilitaría el desarrollo de estudios primarios y su inclusión en revisiones sistemáticas.
- Se enfatiza la necesidad de encaminar estudios que evalúen el efecto y la seguridad de las intervenciones no farmacológicas en el cuidado de pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico.
Introducción: Diferentes intervenciones no farmacológicas se han estudiado para manejar los síntomas derivados de la quimioterapia, pero se desconoce su efectividad. Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones no farmacológicas para el manejo de síntomas secundarios a la quimioterapia antineoplásica en adultos. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión sistemática de estudios experimentales y observacionales analíticos (2021 a 2023). La selección de estudios y extracción de datos se realizó de forma paralela. Las discrepancias se resolvieron con un tercer revisor. Se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo con las herramientas Risk Of Bias (RoB) y The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). La síntesis de la literatura se realizó de forma descriptiva por desenlace priorizado. Resultados: Los desenlaces priorizados fueron neutropenia, dolor, neuropatía, náuseas, vomito, alopecia, anorexia y desordenes del sueño. Se encontraron 7520 referencias, 62 incluidas para el análisis. La acupresión mostró un posible efecto en el control de síntomas como las náuseas y vomito. La intervención con frio en el cuero cabelludo mostro diferencias en los estadios de la severidad de alopecia. Las otras intervenciones mostraron heterogeneidad. Discusión: Las intervenciones no farmacológicas han sido ampliamente descritas en estudios observaciones y experimentales en el control de efecto secundarios a la quimioterapia, sin embargo, existe homogeneidad, y alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusión: Acupresión, masaje muscular, musicoterapia, baño de pies entre otros son las intervenciones que se han estudiado para náuseas, vomito, desordenes del sueño, neutropenia, alopecia, anorexia, dolor y neuropatía como síntomas secundarios priorizados por pacientes. Se requiere estandarizar tanto las intervenciones como la forma de medición de los desenlaces.
Como citar este artículo: Gómez-Neva María Elizabeth, Pulido Ramirez Edwin, Ibañez Rodriguez Leidy Johana, Caroprese Oscar, Buitrago-Lopez Adriana. Intervenciones no farmacológicas para efectos secundarios a la quimioterapia antineoplásica priorizados por pacientes: revisión sistemática. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(3):e3612. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3612
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The names and e-mail addresses entered in the Journal Cuidarte will be used exclusively for the purposes stated by this magazine and will not be available for any other purpose or other person.
The articles published in the Journal Cuidarte represent the criteria of their authors and do not necessarily constitute the official opinion of the University of Santander UDES.
