Contribución de la investigación en enfermería a la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2545Keywords:
Infecciones por Coronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Atención de Enfermería, Pandemias, Revisión SistemáticaAbstract
Introducción: La pandemia de la enfermedad de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), debería ser una oportunidad para asegurar una mayor visibilidad de la enfermería en los sistemas de salud y la sociedad en todo el mundo. Objetivo: revisar y sintetizar los patrones de investigación en enfermería y COVID-19, identificando las principales revistas, país de
origen, idioma, temas, diseños y área de aplicabilidad de los resultados. Materiales y Métodos: Una revisión sistemática. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS y EMBASE (desde el inicio de la pandemia hasta el 15 de mayo de 2020). Se incluyeron artículos de cualquier idioma relacionados con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o
COVID-19 y enfermería en cualquiera de sus roles (cuidado, administración, educación, entre otros) que utilizaron cualquier diseño epidemiológico o informe científico. Dos revisores seleccionaron de forma independiente los estudios y extrajeron los datos. Los principales hallazgos de los estudios incluidos se resumieron mediante una síntesis narrativa y
tablas descriptivas. Las características de los estudios se presentaron como valores absolutos y proporciones. Resultados: En 325 artículos se evaluaron los criterios de elegibilidad y se incluyeron 38 publicados en 28 revistas. De ellos, el 53,57% (n=15) eran específicos de enfermería. La mayoría de los artículos fueron “revisiones narrativas”, que representan el
23,68% (n=9). La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en China (n=18, 47,37%), seguido de Reino Unido y Estados Unidos. Treinta y cuatro (89,47%) artículos se publicaron en inglés, seguidos de portugués y chino. Identificamos cinco áreas de aplicación de los resultados y la más frecuente fue el ámbito “clínico” con un 47,00% (n=18). Discusión: Estos hallazgos
son cruciales para dar visibilidad al trabajo de enfermería en la emergencia de la pandemia COVID-19. Se destaca que la salud mental fue el principal tópico de investigación mientras que el escenario clínico concentró el mayor número de artículo. Este patrón estuvo alineado con los desafíos impuestos por la fase inicial de la pandemia. Conclusión: Las investigaciones futuras deberán explorar el estado actual de la evidencia en los principales temas identificados en esta revisión y continuar dando visibilidad al trabajo realizado por enfermería en la emergencia de la pandemia por COVID-19.
Como citar este artículo: Rojas LZ, Hernández Vargas JA, Trujillo-Cáceres SJ, Romero Guevara SL. Contribution of nursing research to fighting against COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review. Revista Cuidarte. 2022;13(2):e2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2545
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