Intervenciones para prevenir la obesidad en los primeros 1000 días: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3558Palabras clave:
Obesidad Infantil, Sobrepeso, Lactante, PrevenciónResumen
Highlights
- La prevención de la obesidad infantil desde los primeros 1000 días de vida es una prioridad a nivel internacional.
- Los primeros 1000 días son un periodo crucial para el desarrollo humano que comprende desde la concepción hasta los primeros 2 años de vida.
- La implementación de intervenciones basadas en evidencia y enfocadas en los primeros 1000 días, son parte de las estrategias internacionales recomendadas para la prevención de la obesidad infantil.
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a la prevención, control y reducción de la obesidad durante los primeros 1000 días deben considerar esta etapa de forma completa.
Introducción: La prevalencia mundial de la obesidad infantil plantea un desafío para la salud pública. Para prevenir este problema de salud, es crucial intervenir tempranamente, incluso durante el embarazo. Objetivo: Identificar y caracterizar intervenciones realizadas durante los primeros 1000 días de vida que eviten de manera efectiva el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Arksey y O'Malley. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos SCOPUS, EBSCOHost y PubMed para seleccionar artículos relevantes. El análisis se centró en artículos publicados entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Se incluyeron 14 artículos que integraban 10 intervenciones. Estas fueron implementadas en países de altos ingresos y con grupos raciales/étnicos. Tres intervenciones, conformadas por 1013 mujeres y sus hijos, reportaron efectos significativos en la prevención de sobrepeso y obesidad a los 18 meses y 24 meses de edad del niño. Discusión: Las intervenciones se caracterizaron por ser multicomponentes, educativas, basadas en teorías de cambio de comportamiento, crianza de los hijos y alimentación perceptiva. Abordaron factores de riesgo como la lactancia materna, alimentación complementaria, actividad física y el sueño. Existe una creciente incorporación de tecnología digital en su implementación. Conclusión: Se han observado resultados prometedores para la prevención de la obesidad en los primeros años de vida. Implementar intervenciones en países de bajos y medianos ingresos resulta primordial.
Como citar este artículo: Zepeda Ríos Paola Alexandra, Cárdenas Villarreal Velia Margarita, Castro Sifuentes Danilo, Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos. Intervenciones para prevenir la obesidad en los primeros 1000 días: scoping review. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(3):e3558. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3558
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