Púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune tras vacunación contra el mRNA-SARS-CoV-2: un reporte de caso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3799Palabras clave:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vacunas de ARNm, Púrpura Trombocitopénica Autoinmune, PlaquetasResumen
Introducción: Este reporte presenta el caso de un paciente colombiano adulto, de sexo masculino, sin antecedentes de trombocitopenia ni trastornos hematológicos, que desarrolló una púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune paucisintomática leve y crónica, una rara complicación posterior a la vacunación con ARNm contra el virus SARS-CoV-2. Hasta donde se sabe, este es el primer caso documentado en Colombia de púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune asociada al uso de vacunas de ARNm (BNT162b2 o ARNm-1273), con un seguimiento clínico integral de 2 años. Descripción del caso: El paciente recibió la primera y segunda dosis de la vacuna de ARNm BNT162b2 en junio de 2021, la primera dosis de refuerzo en noviembre de 2021 (ARNm-1273) y la segunda dosis de refuerzo (ARNm BNT162b2) en junio de 2022. Se documentó trombocitopenia (<100 x109 plaquetas/L, que es el criterio para definir la púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune) tras la segunda dosis y ambos refuerzos. El paciente mejoró luego del tratamiento con corticosteroides, pero la trombocitopenia cíclica persistió hasta el seguimiento clínico en agosto de 2023, con un recuento de plaquetas que oscilaba entre 57 y 191 x109 plaquetas/L (media: 103x109 plaquetas/L). Conclusión: Dado que la púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune puede producirse tras la vacunación con ARNm contra el virus SARS-CoV-2, es necesaria una investigación sistemática para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune debida a la inmunización contra la COVID-19.
Como citar este artículo: Lozada Ramos Heiler, Martínez-Vega Ruth Aralí, García Liliana Torcoroma. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura following mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A case report. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(2):e3799. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3799
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