Aspectos clínicos dos casos de mpox humana no cenário mundial: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3610Palavras-chave:
Varíola dos Macacos, Saúde Global, Prevenção de Doenças, Cuidados de Enfermagem, RevisãoResumo
Highlights
- A crescente transmissão do MPXV entre humanos nos últimos anos gera preocupação global sobre os aspectos clínicos que o permeiam.
- Existe uma escassez de estudos robustos orientando a prática assistencial para casos de mpox humana. Fornecemos evidências científicas para orientar a assistência.
- Identificamos sinais e sintomas, transmissão, diagnóstico, prevenção e cuidados da equipe de saúde para pacientes com mpox humana.
- Recomenda-se implementar triagem precoce, monitoramento de sintomas, tratamento individualizado e suporte psicossocial para pacientes com infecção por MPXV, incluindo controle de infecções, equilíbrio hídrico e suporte hemodinâmico, quando necessário.
Introdução: Nos últimos anos, a transmissão do MPXV entre humanos passou a ser frequentemente relatada. Apesar disso, observa-se uma escassez de estudos com evidências fortes para orientar a prática assistencial voltada aos casos de mpox humana. Objetivo: Analisar na literatura evidências científicas que abordem aspectos clínicos relacionados aos casos de mpox humana no cenário mundial. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão integrativa, realizada em cinco bases de dados: SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, MEDLINE/PubMed e CINAHL. A última data de acesso nas bases foi em 03 de outubro de 2024. A seleção dos estudos e relatório da revisão seguiu as recomendações da diretriz Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados: Com uma amostra de 58 estudos, os principais achados foram aspectos relacionados aos sinais e sintomas, transmissão, diagnóstico, prevenção e cuidados da equipe multiprofissional e da equipe de enfermagem. Discussão: Não foram encontrados estudos que abordassem com frequência e especificamente os cuidados da equipe multiprofissional e, sobretudo, da equipe de enfermagem. Logo, os resultados identificados nesta revisão podem facilitar o manejo ao paciente com infecção relacionada ao MPXV. Conclusões: Este estudo promoveu o levantamento de evidências científicas que fundamentam a assistência ao paciente com mpox humana para a prática da equipe multiprofissional e da equipe da enfermagem, que contribuem para prevenir, detectar precocemente e tratar a infecção do vírus MPXV e suas possíveis complicações.
Como citar este artigo: Dantas, Ana Clara; Da Silva, Cyntia Leenara Bezerra; De Souza Alves, Dase Luyza Barbosa; Da Silva, Amanda Barbosa; Medeiros, Hanna Priscila da Silva; Vitor, Allyne Fortes. Aspectos clínicos dos casos de mpox humana no cenário mundial: revisão integrativa. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(3):e3610. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3610
Referências
Gessain A, Nakoune E, Yazdanpanah Y. Monkeypox. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(19):1783-1793https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2208860
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/28-11-2022-who-recommends-new-name-for-monkeypox-disease
Titanji BK, Tegomoh B, Nematollahi S, Konomos M, Kulkarni PA. Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(7):ofac310. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac310
Ladnyj ID, Ziegler P, Kima E. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46:593-597. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2480792/pdf/bullwho00192-0028.pdf
UK Health Security Agency. Monkeypox cases confirmed in England—latest updates [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 28]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/monkeypox-cases-confirmed-in-england-latest-updates
World Health Organization (WHO). Multi-country monkeypox outbreak: situation update [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON396
World Health Organization (WHO). Multi-country outbreak of mpox, External situation report #38 – 28 September 2024 [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2024 [cited 2024 Out 04]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-mpox--external-situation-report--38---28-september-2024
Hopia H, Latvala E, Liimatainen L. Reviewing the methodology of an integrative review. Scand J Caring Sci. 2016;30(4):662-669.https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12327
Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs. 2005;52(5):546-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372(71):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Dantas AC. Aspectos clínicos dos casos de mpox humana no cenário mundial: revisão integrativa. Mendeley Data. 2023. https://doi.org/10.17632/4rcw6xshz4.1
The Joanna Briggs Institute. The JBI approach: Levels of evidence [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2023 Nov 28]. Available from: https://jbi.global/sites/default/files/2019-05/JBI-Levels-of-evidence_2014_0.pdf
Ramírez-Soto MC, Arroyo-Hernández H. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox among people with and without HIV in Peru: a national observational study. J Infect Public Health. 2024;17(8):102494–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102494
Ribeiro CLP, D’Oliveira CAFB, Campos EA, Carvalho LF, Pinto LA, Duffrayer KM, et al. Notified cases of mpox in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2022. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2024;33:e2023899. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2023899.en
Malone SM, Mitra AK, Onumah NA, Brown A, Jones LM, Tresvant D, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Post-Eradication Smallpox Vaccine as an Mpox Vaccine: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):2963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042963
Heukelom van, Jongen VW, Schouten J, E. Hoornenborg, S. Bruisten, B. Westerhuis, et al. Characteristics of mpox positive, versus mpox negative, and mpox unsuspected clients from the Centre of Sexual Health, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 20 May to 15 September 2022. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(9):1891-1896.https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19223
Wieder-Feinsod A, Zilberman T, Erster O, Kolasko GW, Biber A, Gophen R et al. Overlooked monkeypox cases among men having sex with men during the 2022 outbreak – a retrospective study. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;128:58-60.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.014
Passini F, Raccagni AR, Diotallevi S, Lolatto R, Bruzzesi E, Candela C, et al. Mpox Outbreak 2022: A Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of Individuals Receiving MVA-BN Vaccination and People Diagnosed with Mpox Infection in Milan, Italy. Pathogens. 2023; 12(9):1079. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091079
Assiri AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Jokhdar HA, Algwizani AR, Albarraq AM, Alanazi KH, et al. Clinical features and outcome of human Mpox (Monkeypox) in Saudi Arabia: An observational study of travel-related cases. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(3):341-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.006
Maldonado MS, Lucchetti AJ, Pacheco RAP, Cevallos LCM, Saavedra EUZ, Zapata LRP, et al. Epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features of patients with monkeypox virus infection from a hospital in Peru between July and September 2022. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;129:175-180.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.045
Brosnan HK, Yeh KW, Jones PS, Gokhale S, Regos-Stewart D, Tran H, et al. Epidemiologic Characteristics of Mpox among People Experiencing Homelessness, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29(6):1109-1116. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2906.230021
Núñez I, García-Grimshaw M, Ceballos-Liceaga SE, Toledo-Salinas C, Carbajal-Sandoval G, Sosa-Laso L, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with human monkeypox infection in Mexico: a nationwide observational study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023;17:100392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100392
Deb N, Roy P, Biswakarma A, Mary T, Mahajan S, Khan J, et al. Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 and Monkeypox in Pediatric patients & their management: A state of art systematic review. Pediatr Neurol. 2023;146:65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.05.011
Abdelaal A, Reda A, Hassan AR, Mashaal A, Serhan HA, Katamesh BE, et al. Monkeypox-Associated Manifestations and Complications Involving the Eye: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Previous and Current Outbreaks. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2023;12(3):326-337. https://doi.org/10.1097/APO.0000000000000608
Zaqout A, Daghfal J, Munir W, Abdelmajid A, Albayat SS, Abukhattab M, et al. Clinical manifestations and outcome of Mpox infection in Qatar: An observational study during the 2022 outbreak. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(11):1802-1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.001
Fink DL, Callaby H, Luintel A, Beynon W, Bond H, Lim EY, et al. Clinical features and management of individuals admitted to hospital with monkeypox and associated complications across the UK: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;23(5):589-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00806-4
Sobral-Costas TG, Escudero-Tornero R, Servera-Negre G, Bernardino JI, Gutiérrez Arroyo A, Díaz-Menéndez M, et al. Human monkeypox outbreak: Epidemiological data and therapeutic potential of topical cidofovir in a prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;88(5):1074-1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.043
Mazzotta V, Cozzi‐Lepri A, Lanini S, Mondi A, Carletti F, Tavelli A, et al. Effect of tecovirimat on healing time and viral clearance by emulation of a target trial in patients hospitalized for mpox. J Med Virol. 2023;95(6):e28868. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28868
Morales LM, Barbas F, García MA, Largo NC, Juliá AN, Torres MC, et al. Post-exposure vaccine effectiveness and contact management in the mpox outbreak, Madrid, Spain, May to August 2022. Eurosurveill. 2023;28(24):2200883. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.24.2200883
Zucker R, Lavie G, Wolff-Sagy Y, Gur-Arieh N, Markovits H, Abu-Ahmad W, et al. Risk assessment of human mpox infections: retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023;29(8):1070-1074.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2023.04.022
De la Herrán-Arita AK, González-Galindo C, Inzunza-Leyva GK, Valdez-Flores MA, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Camacho-Zamora A, et al. Clinical Predictors of Monkeypox Diagnosis: A Case-Control Study in a Nonendemic Region during the 2022 Outbreak. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(9):2287. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092287
Rimmer S, Barnacle J, Gibani MM, Wu MS, Dissanayake O, Mehta R, et al. The clinical presentation of monkeypox: a retrospective case-control study of patients with possible or probable monkeypox in a West London cohort. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;126:48-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.020
Şahin Y, Yüce H, Ünüvar S, Çiftçi O. Current Pandemic in the World: Monkeypox from Past to Present. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2023;95(1):e20220767. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220767
Chenchula S, Ghanta MK, Amerneni K, Rajakarunakaran P, Chandra MB, Chavan M, et al. A systematic review to identify novel clinical characteristics of monkeypox virus infection and therapeutic and preventive strategies to combat the virus. Arch Virol. 2023;168(7):195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05808-4
Hatami H, Jamshidi P, Arbabi M, Safavi-Naini SAA, Farokh P, Izadi-Jorshari G, et al. Demographic, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Characteristics of Human Monkeypox Disease Pre- and Post-2022 Outbreaks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(3):957. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030957
Shah J, Saak TM, Desai AN, Gudis DA, Cheema HA, Abuelazm M, et al. Otolaryngologic manifestations among MPOX patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2023;44(6):103991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103991
Sharma A, Prasad H, Kaeley N, Bondalapati A, Edara L, Kumar YA. Monkeypox epidemiology, clinical presentation, and transmission: a systematic review. Int J Emerg Med. 2023;16(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00491-3
Du M, Sun H, Zhang S, Yuan J, Yan W, Liu Q, et al. Global Epidemiological Features of Human Monkeypox Cases and Their Associations With Social-Economic Level and International Travel Arrivals: A Systematic Review and Ecological Study. Int J Public Health. 2023;68:1605426. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605426
Simadibrata DM, Lesmana E, Pratama MIA, Annisa NG, Thenedi K, Simadibrata M. Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Monkeypox Infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2023;95(4):e28709. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28709
Jaiswal V, Sultana Q, Lahori S, Mukherjee D, Agrawal V, Doshi N, et al. Monkeypox-Induced Myocarditis: A Systematic Review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023;48(5):101611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101611
Pourriyahi H, Aryanian Z, Afshar ZM, Goodarzi A. A systematic review and clinical atlas on mucocutaneous presentations of the current monkeypox outbreak: With a comprehensive approach to all dermatologic and nondermatologic aspects of the new and previous monkeypox outbreaks. J Med Virol. 2023;95(2):e28230. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28230
Liu Q, Fu L, Wang B, Sun Y, Wu X, Peng X, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Human Mpox (Monkeypox) in 2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens. 2023; 12(1):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010146
Velázquez-Cervantes MA, Ulloa-Aguilar JM, León-Juárez M. Mpox and pregnancy: A neglected disease and its impact on perinatal health. Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2023;223(1):32-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rceng.2022.09.002
Khan SA, Parajuli SB, Rauniyar VK. Neurological manifestations of an emerging zoonosis-Human monkeypox virus: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(35):e34664. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034664
Gandhi AP, Padhi BK, Sandeep M, Shamim MA, Suvvari TK, Satapathy P, et al. Monkeypox Patients Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Geographic and Temporal Variations. Epidemiologia. 2023;4(3):352-369. https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia4030033
Chaudhari S, Treffeisen L, Virk J, Parikh T, Ravikumar NPG, Goti A, et al. The 2022 Monkeypox Epidemic and What Has Led to the Current State of the Disease in the US: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023;15(1): e33515. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33515
Li E, Guo X, Hong D, Gong O, Xie W, Li T, et al. Duration of humoral immunity from smallpox vaccination and its cross-reaction with Mpox virus. Sig Transduct Target Ther. 2023;350. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01574-6
Angelo KM, Smith T, Camprubí-Ferrer D, Balerdi-Sarasola L, Menéndez MD, Servera-Negre G, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with monkeypox in the GeoSentinel Network: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(2):196-206.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00651-X
Eser-Karlidag G, Chacón-Cruz E, Çag Y, Martínez-Orozco JA, Gudino-Solorio H, Cruz-Flores RA, et al. Features of Mpox infection: The analysis of the data submitted to the ID-IRI network. New Microbes and New Infect. 2023;53:101154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101154
Webb E, Rigby I, Michelen M, Dagens A, Cheng V, Rojek AM, et al. Availability, scope and quality of monkeypox clinical management guidelines globally: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(8):e009838. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009838
Nörz D, Pfefferle S, Brehm TT, Franke G, Grewe I, Knobling B, et al. Evidence of surface contamination in hospital rooms occupied by patients infected with monkeypox, Germany, June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(26):2200477. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.26.2200477
Hoffmann C, Jessen H, Wyen C, Grunwald S, Noe S, Teichmann J, et al. Clinical characteristics of monkeypox virus infections among men with and without HIV: A large outbreak cohort in Germany. HIV Med. 2023;24(4):389‐397. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13378
Silva MST, Coutinho C, Torres TS, Peixoto E, Ismério R, Lessa F, et al. Ambulatory and hospitalized patients with suspected and confirmed mpox: an observational cohort study from Brazil. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023;17:100406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100406
Tarín-Vicente EJ, Alemany A, Agud-Dios M, Ubals M, Suñer C, Antón A, et al. Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2022;400(10353):661-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01436-2
Acevedo A, Garrido M. Epidemiological and clinical differences of confirmed and discarded MPOX cases on the 2022 Chilean outbreak. Lancet. 2023;9:59-62. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4533563
Mailhe M, Beaumont A, Thy M, Pluart DL, Perrineau S, Houhou-Fidouh N, et al. Clinical characteristics of ambulatory and hospitalized patients with monkeypox virus infection: an observational cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023;29(2):233-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2022.08.012
García-Hernández L, Pérez Martín OG, Hernández-Aceituno A, Torres Lana A, Larumbe Zabala E. Estudio descriptivo del brote de viruela del simio en las Islas Canarias, mayo a octubre de 2022. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2023;97:e202304028. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10541246/
Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox — a potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(2):e0010141. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141
Jairoun AA, Al-Hemyari SS, Abdulla NM, El-Dahiyat F, Shahwan M, Hassan N, et al. Awareness and preparedness of human monkeypox outbreak among university student: Time to worry or one to ignore?. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(10):1065-1071.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2022.08.015
Amao LK, Olatunji DI, Igbodo G, Okoli SC, Amaechi I, Goni MI, et al. Trend and enhanced surveillance of Monkeypox during COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. J Public Health Afr. 2022;13(1):2184. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9202462/
Martínez JI, Montalbán EG, Bueno SJ, Martínez FM, Juliá AN, Díaz JS, et al. Monkeypox outbreak predominantly affecting men who have sex with men, Madrid, Spain, 26 April to 16 June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(27):2200471. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.27.2200471
Antinori A, Mazzotta V, Vita S, Carletti F, Tacconi D, Lapini LE, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(22):2200421. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.22.2200421
Peiró-Mestres A, Fuertes I, Camprubí-Ferrer D, Marcos MA, Vilella A, Navarra M, et al. Frequent detection of monkeypox virus DNA in saliva, semen, and other clinical samples from 12 patients, Barcelona, Spain, May to June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(28):2200503.https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.28.2200503
Perez Duque M, Ribeiro S, Martins JV, Casaca P, Liete PP, Tavares M, et al. Ongoing monkeypox virus outbreak, Portugal, 29 April to 23 May 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(22):2200424. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200424
Riccò M, Ferraro P, Camisa V, Satta E, Zaniboni A, Ranzieri S, et al. When a Neglected Tropical Disease Goes Global: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Italian Physicians towards Monkeypox, Preliminary Results. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022;7(7):135.https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7070135
Beer EM, Rao VB. A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(10):e0007791. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007791
Li D, Wilkins K, McCollum AM, Osadebe L, Kamamba J, Nguete B, et al. Evaluation of the GeneXpert for Human Monkeypox Diagnosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96(2):405-410. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0567
Nolen LD, Osadebe L, Katomba J, Likofata J, Mukadi D, Monroe B, et al. Introduction of Monkeypox into a Community and Household: Risk Factors and Zoonotic Reservoirs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93(2):410-415.https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0168
Formenty P, Muntasir MO, Damon I, Chowdhary V, Opoka ML, Monimart C, et al. Human monkeypox outbreak caused by novel virus belonging to Congo Basin clade, Sudan, 2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16(10):1539-1545. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1610.100713
Huhn GD, Bauer AM, Yorita K, Graham MB, Sejvar J, Likos A, et al. Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(12):1742-1751. https://doi.org/10.1086/498115
Raheel H, Raheel M, Ali Fahim MA, Naeem U. Monkeypox and spillover effects: Stigmas, solutions and strategies. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;81:104346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104346
Abed Alah M, Abdeen S, Tayar E, Bougmiza I. The story behind the first few cases of monkeypox infection in non-endemic countries, 2022. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(9):970-974.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2022.07.014
Knauth DR, Hentges B, Macedo JL de, Pilecco FB, Teixeira LB, Leal AF. O diagnóstico do HIV/aids em homens heterossexuais: a surpresa permanece mesmo após mais de 30 anos de epidemia. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020;36(6):e00170118. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00170118
Shaheen N, Diab RA, Meshref M, Shaheen A, Ramadan A, Shoib S. Is there a need to be worried about the new monkeypox virus outbreak? A brief review on the monkeypox outbreak. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;81:104396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104396
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Categorias
Altmetrics
Downloads
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Cuidarte
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A Revista Cuidarte é um acesso aberto publicação científica, distribuído sob os termos da Creative Commons Atribuição (CC BY-NC 4.0), que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que o autor ea fonte original eles estão devidamente citada.
Qualquer outro uso, como reprodução, transformação, comunicação pública ou de distribuição, com fins lucrativos, requer a aprovação prévia da Universidade de Santander UDES.
Os nomes e endereços informados na Revista Cuidarte serão usados exclusivamente para os serviços prestados por esta publicação, não estará disponível para qualquer outro propósito ou outra pessoa.
Os artigos publicados na Revista Cuidarte representam os critérios da responsabilidade dos autores e não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Universidade de Santander UDES.
