La resiliencia, predictor de la empatía en estudiantes de Enfermería
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4768Palabras clave:
Resiliencia Psicológica, Empatía, Psicometría, Reproductibilidad de Resultados, Estudiantes, Formación VocacionalResumen
Highlights
- La aplicación del análisis psicométrico permite evitar los sesgos por incumplimiento del modelo y, por tanto, debiere constituirse en una rutina metodológica.
- El estudio de la predicción de la resiliencia sobre la empatía incluye obligatoriamente el análisis de la predicción de cada dimensión de la resiliencia sobre cada dimensión de la empatía.
- El presente estudio confirma que la resiliencia es un predictor de la empatía en términos que permite la expresión empática del estudiante.
- La formación de la resiliencia y la empatía son independientes, pero deben introducirse a la par en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los estudiantes de Enfermería.
Introducción: Los estudios que intentan predecir la empatía a partir de la resiliencia se caracterizan por teorías incompletas de ambos constructos y por centrarse principalmente en la obtención de evidencia empírica. Objetivo: Comprobar si la resiliencia puede predecir la empatía. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal y de validez de constructo. Se evaluó a estudiantes salvadoreños de Enfermería mediante la Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Health Professions Students (JSE-HPS) y la Engineering, Ecological and Adaptive (EEA). Se llevaron a cabo análisis psicométricos (análisis factorial confirmatorio, confiabilidad e invarianza) y la predicción se evaluó mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: Se verificó el cumplimiento del modelo en ambos constructos y la confiabilidad de los datos. Algunas dimensiones de resiliencia predijeron positivamente las dimensiones de la empatía, mientras que otras lo hicieron de manera negativa. Discusión: La resiliencia ecológica y la de ingeniería predijeron positivamente todas las dimensiones de la empatía. Sin embargo, la resiliencia adaptativa predijo negativamente la empatía, lo que sugiere que los estudiantes no tienen los rasgos adaptativos suficientemente desarrollados para evitar disminuciones en “cuidado compasivo” y “ponerse en el lugar del paciente”. En consecuencia, su capacidad para conectarse emocionalmente y comprender la situación del paciente se ve limitada por un déficit en los rasgos que favorecen la adaptación a nuevas situaciones. Conclusión: La formación en empatía y resiliencia no puede abordarse de manera independiente. Por el contrario, la resiliencia ejerce un efecto protector que permite la libre expresión de la empatía desarrollada por los estudiantes a lo largo de su vida.
Como citar este artículo: Díaz-Narváez Víctor P, Vallecampo Contreras Andrea, Campos de Chavarría Johanna, Estrada-Méndez Nuvia, Sánchez de Elías Doris Alicia, Vilca Lindsey W, Reyes-Reyes Alejandro, Gamarra-Moncayo José. La resiliencia, predictor de la empatía en estudiantes de Enfermería. Revista Cuidarte. 2025;16(3):e4768. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.4768
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