Influencia de la dieta y ejercicio físico en la endometriosis: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5426Palabras clave:
Endometriosis; Ejercicio Físico; Dieta; Calidad de Vida; Revisión Sistemática.Resumen
Highlights
- El dolor crónico y la afectación en la calidad de vida son síntomas centrales en las mujeres con endometriosis, siendo en ocasiones difíciles de abordar con tratamiento médico convencional.
- El ejercicio físico habitual, especialmente aquel con un enfoque terapéutico y estructurado, mejoran significativamente los síntomas y la calidad de vida de las mujeres con endometriosis.
- Dietas con propiedades antiinflamatorias, pueden mejorar la sintomatología de la endometriosis.
- La evidencia actual no respalda aún recomendaciones específicas de terapias no farmacológicas en endometriosis, como dieta o ejercicio, debido a la baja calidad e inconsistencia de los estudios.
Introducción: La endometriosis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta al 10% de las mujeres, provocando dolor pélvico, dismenorrea e infertilidad, con un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica actual sobre la influencia de la dieta y ejercicio físico, en los síntomas y la calidad de vida de mujeres en edad fértil con endometriosis. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2024, usando los descriptores endometriosis, exercise, diet y quality of life, en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, Dialnet y Cochrane. Se excluyeron revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, casos clínicos, cartas y artículos sin acceso completo. Dos revisores independientes realizaron selección y extracción de datos, evaluando la calidad metodológica según el tipo de estudio. Resultados: De 523 registros iniciales, se seleccionaron 13 artículos (7 sobre dieta y 6 sobre ejercicio). Intervenciones dietéticas antiinflamatorias y ejercicio físico regular se asociaron con reducción de síntomas y mejoría en la calidad de vida. Discusión: Dieta y ejercicio pueden influir en los síntomas y bienestar de estas pacientes, aunque la evidencia es limitada e inconsistente. Los estudios presentan heterogeneidad metodológica, muestras pequeñas y variabilidad en las intervenciones y resultados, limitando la validez interna y la generalización de los hallazgos. Conclusiones: Dieta y ejercicio constituyen estrategias complementarias al tratamiento farmacológico y/o quirúrgico dentro de un abordaje integral de la endometriosis, si bien se precisa investigación más rigurosa que respalde sus beneficios a largo plazo.
Como citar este artículo: Fuentes Rodríguez Alba, Grela Beres Óscar. Influencia de la dieta y ejercicio físico en la endometriosis: revisión sistemática. Revista Cuidarte. 2026;17(1):e5426. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.5426
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